NURS624 Fundamentals midterm Exam
questions and answers
A nurse is planning education for a patient who is scheduled for a diagnostic procedure to rule out a
cerebral aneurysm. Which aspect of nursing does the nurse use as the basis for education?
a. Art of nursing
b. Science of nursing
c. Caring aspect of nursing
d. Holistic approach to nursing
b. The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled
application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the
science of nursing is considered the art of nursing.
A group of students in a community health course is discussing disaster management. Which nursing
leader will the
students identify as the founder of the Red Cross?
a. Clara Barton
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Lillian Wald
d. Lavinia Dock
a. Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Florence Nightingale elevated the
status of
nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing
education.
Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing. Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's
rights activist
instrumental in establishing women's right to vote.
A nurse is engaged in community health promotion activities. What activity best reflects this type of
health promotion?
a. Teaching about fall prevention and home safety at a senior center
b. Holding a blood glucose screening for diabetes at a local church
c. Educating hospice volunteers on therapeutic communication
d. Providing education on crutch walking to a child with a fractured tibia
a. Nurses promote health and prevent illness primarily by teaching, through personal example and
administering
preventative vaccinations. Performing blood glucose screening for diabetes detects a disease after it has
,developed,
rather than diabetes prevention. Therapeutic communication during hospice care and crutch walking
are additional
interventions used for diseases or health problems already present.
A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th
century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
a. During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more
independent and
assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses
and resulted in
a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology
According to Nurs ing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021),
"Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and
populations in
recognition of the connection of all humanity. Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles?
Select all that
apply.
a. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
b. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
c. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
d. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
e. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
f. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
a, c, d, e, f. Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications,
preventing
influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse.
Making a
medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.
A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which
nursing
interventions could the nurse use to meet this goal? Select all that apply.
a. Counseling adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
,b. Performing range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest
c. Demonstrating insulin injection to a patient with diabetes
d. Recommending a yoga class for a busy executive
e. Providing hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer
f. Teaching a nutrition class at a local high school
a, b, c. Activities to restore health focus on the person with an illness and range from early detection of
a disease to
rehabilitation and teaching during recovery. These activities include drug counseling, teaching patients
how to
administer their medications, and performing range-of-motion exercises for bedridden patients.
Recommending a yoga
class for stress reduction helps prevent illness, and teaching a nutrition class helps promote health. A
hospice nursefacilitates coping with disability and death.
Nursing students are learning about the criteria that establish nursing as a profession. Which statements
by the students
indicate they have correctly described characteristics of a profession? Select all that apply.
a. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge.
b. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice.
c. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group.
d. Nursing practice is regulated by the medical profession.
e. Nursing has a code of ethics.
f. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research.
c, e, f. Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-
defined body
of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional
group, code of
ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-
regulation.
A nurse considers returning to school to obtain a master's degree in nursing. Which practice discipline
requiring graduate level education could the nurse consider?
a. Rehabilitation nurse
b. Critical care nurse
c. Oncology nurse
d. Nurse practitioner
d. A masters degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), nurse
midwives, clinical
specialists, or clinical nurse leaders.
Nurses in the United States follow regulations outlined by each state's nurse practice act. A nurse
moving to a
, different state anticipates finding which elements are common to all states' nurse practice acts?
a. Definition of the legal scope of nursing practice for those registered
b. Provision of continuing education programs to meet state requirements
c. Determining the scope of content covered in the NCLEX examination
d. Creating institutional policies for health care practices
a. State nurse practice acts regulate practice by defining the legal scope of practice, creating a state
board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in
nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The state's board of nursing has
the legal authority define the education required to
take NCLEX but does not provide that education or determine the content of the examination. The
board has the legal
authority to allow graduates of approved schools to take the licensing examination. Institutional policies
are created by
the institutions themselves.
Nurses of a statewide nursing organization come together to plan for the challenges to health care for
the 21st century. What current trend in health care should be a focus of the plan?
a. Decreasing numbers of hospitalized patients
b. Increasing numbers of older and more acutely ill patients
c. Decreasing health care costs owing to managed care
d. Decreasing advances in medical knowledge and technology
b. The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the following critical
challenges to
nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and
more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in
medical knowledge and technology.
A nursing student questions the primary nurse about instilling air into a nasogastric tube to confirm
placement, when they learned that x-ray validation of the tube's tip in the stomach reflects best
practice. The student is validating safe nursing practice with which type of knowledge?
a. Instinctive knowledge
b. Scientific knowledge
c. Authoritative knowledge
d. Traditional knowledge
b. Scientific knowledge is obtained through the scientific method or research; this leads to evidence-
based practice.
Instinct, such as. "I feel this is correct," is not a source of knowledge. Traditional knowledge is the part of
nursing
practice passed down from generation to generation, often without research data to support it.
Examples include daily
bathing and changing bed linens each day. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is
questions and answers
A nurse is planning education for a patient who is scheduled for a diagnostic procedure to rule out a
cerebral aneurysm. Which aspect of nursing does the nurse use as the basis for education?
a. Art of nursing
b. Science of nursing
c. Caring aspect of nursing
d. Holistic approach to nursing
b. The science of nursing is the knowledge base for care that is provided. In contrast, the skilled
application of that knowledge is the art of nursing. Providing holistic care to patients based on the
science of nursing is considered the art of nursing.
A group of students in a community health course is discussing disaster management. Which nursing
leader will the
students identify as the founder of the Red Cross?
a. Clara Barton
b. Florence Nightingale
c. Lillian Wald
d. Lavinia Dock
a. Clara Barton established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882. Florence Nightingale elevated the
status of
nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing
education.
Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing. Lavinia Dock was a nursing leader and women's
rights activist
instrumental in establishing women's right to vote.
A nurse is engaged in community health promotion activities. What activity best reflects this type of
health promotion?
a. Teaching about fall prevention and home safety at a senior center
b. Holding a blood glucose screening for diabetes at a local church
c. Educating hospice volunteers on therapeutic communication
d. Providing education on crutch walking to a child with a fractured tibia
a. Nurses promote health and prevent illness primarily by teaching, through personal example and
administering
preventative vaccinations. Performing blood glucose screening for diabetes detects a disease after it has
,developed,
rather than diabetes prevention. Therapeutic communication during hospice care and crutch walking
are additional
interventions used for diseases or health problems already present.
A nurse historian is researching changes in professional nursing and nursing education in the mid-20th
century. What trend promoted advancement of the profession and of nursing education?
Increased need for nurses and knowledge explosion led to emphasis on education.
Focus on the war effort slowed development of knowledge in medicine and technology.
Role of the nurse focused on acute technical skills used in hospital settings.
Nursing care was dependent on the medical profession to define its priorities.
a. During World War II, large numbers of women worked outside the home. They became more
independent and
assertive, leading to an increased emphasis on education. The war itself created a need for more nurses
and resulted in
a knowledge explosion in medicine and technology
According to Nurs ing: Scope and Standards of Practice (ANA, 2021),
"Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and
populations in
recognition of the connection of all humanity. Which actions are consistent with these nursing roles?
Select all that
apply.
a. Offering emotional support to a patient overwhelmed by a new diagnosis of ovarian cancer
b. Making a diagnosis of appendicitis when a patient reports right lower quadrant pain
c. Providing classes on nutrition and physical activity at a senior center
d. Administering an antibiotic to a patient with a documented infection
e. Working with the health department to provide free influenza vaccinations to children
f. Requesting the health care provider change prescription for the patient whose pain is still unrelieved
a, c, d, e, f. Education, emotional support, nursing interventions such as administering medications,
preventing
influenza and infectious diseases, and advocating for improved pain management are roles of the nurse.
Making a
medical diagnosis is not within the scope of professional nursing practice.
A nurse working in a rehabilitation facility focuses on the goal of restoring health for patients. Which
nursing
interventions could the nurse use to meet this goal? Select all that apply.
a. Counseling adolescents in a drug rehabilitation program
,b. Performing range-of-motion exercises for a patient on bedrest
c. Demonstrating insulin injection to a patient with diabetes
d. Recommending a yoga class for a busy executive
e. Providing hospice care for a patient with end-stage cancer
f. Teaching a nutrition class at a local high school
a, b, c. Activities to restore health focus on the person with an illness and range from early detection of
a disease to
rehabilitation and teaching during recovery. These activities include drug counseling, teaching patients
how to
administer their medications, and performing range-of-motion exercises for bedridden patients.
Recommending a yoga
class for stress reduction helps prevent illness, and teaching a nutrition class helps promote health. A
hospice nursefacilitates coping with disability and death.
Nursing students are learning about the criteria that establish nursing as a profession. Which statements
by the students
indicate they have correctly described characteristics of a profession? Select all that apply.
a. Nursing is composed of a well-defined body of general knowledge.
b. Nursing interventions are dependent upon medical practice.
c. Nursing is a recognized authority by a professional group.
d. Nursing practice is regulated by the medical profession.
e. Nursing has a code of ethics.
f. Nursing is influenced by ongoing research.
c, e, f. Nursing is recognized increasingly as a profession based on the following defining criteria: well-
defined body
of specific and unique knowledge, strong service orientation, recognized authority by a professional
group, code of
ethics, professional organization that sets standards, ongoing research, and autonomy and self-
regulation.
A nurse considers returning to school to obtain a master's degree in nursing. Which practice discipline
requiring graduate level education could the nurse consider?
a. Rehabilitation nurse
b. Critical care nurse
c. Oncology nurse
d. Nurse practitioner
d. A masters degree (MSN) prepares advanced practice nurses, nurse practitioners (NPs), nurse
midwives, clinical
specialists, or clinical nurse leaders.
Nurses in the United States follow regulations outlined by each state's nurse practice act. A nurse
moving to a
, different state anticipates finding which elements are common to all states' nurse practice acts?
a. Definition of the legal scope of nursing practice for those registered
b. Provision of continuing education programs to meet state requirements
c. Determining the scope of content covered in the NCLEX examination
d. Creating institutional policies for health care practices
a. State nurse practice acts regulate practice by defining the legal scope of practice, creating a state
board of nursing to make and enforce rules and regulations, define important terms and activities in
nursing, and establish criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The state's board of nursing has
the legal authority define the education required to
take NCLEX but does not provide that education or determine the content of the examination. The
board has the legal
authority to allow graduates of approved schools to take the licensing examination. Institutional policies
are created by
the institutions themselves.
Nurses of a statewide nursing organization come together to plan for the challenges to health care for
the 21st century. What current trend in health care should be a focus of the plan?
a. Decreasing numbers of hospitalized patients
b. Increasing numbers of older and more acutely ill patients
c. Decreasing health care costs owing to managed care
d. Decreasing advances in medical knowledge and technology
b. The National Advisory Council on Nurse Education and Practice identifies the following critical
challenges to
nursing practice in the 21st century: A growing population of hospitalized patients who are older and
more acutely ill, increasing health care costs, and the need to stay current with rapid advances in
medical knowledge and technology.
A nursing student questions the primary nurse about instilling air into a nasogastric tube to confirm
placement, when they learned that x-ray validation of the tube's tip in the stomach reflects best
practice. The student is validating safe nursing practice with which type of knowledge?
a. Instinctive knowledge
b. Scientific knowledge
c. Authoritative knowledge
d. Traditional knowledge
b. Scientific knowledge is obtained through the scientific method or research; this leads to evidence-
based practice.
Instinct, such as. "I feel this is correct," is not a source of knowledge. Traditional knowledge is the part of
nursing
practice passed down from generation to generation, often without research data to support it.
Examples include daily
bathing and changing bed linens each day. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is
