MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
SDSU BIOL 203 – Exam 4 Study Guide (Feuer,
Latest 2025 Edition) | Verified 100% Correct
Q&A | Graded A+
What happens when a proto-oncogene is converted to an oncogene?
Can lead to abnormal stimulation of the cell cycle
Tumor supressor genes
Help prevent uncontrolled cell growth
What functions to tumor suppressor genes perform?
Repair damaged DNA, control cell division, inhibit the cell cycle in the cell-signaling pathway
p53 gene
Suppresses the cell cycle. It is suspected that many cancers involve damaging it
True/false: multiple mutations are needed for full-fledged cancer
True
BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene
Genes with increased risk for developing breast cancer that can be inherited
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
,MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
Recombinant DNA
Nucleotide sequences from two different sources into the same DNA molecule. Central to genetic
engineering
DNA technology
The manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products and has
revolutionized biotechnology
Microarray
A measurement of gene expression of thousands of different genes
DNA cloning
Preparing well-defined segments of DNA into identical copies
Gene cloning
Involves using bacteria to make multiple copies of a gene
Foreign DNA
Inserted into a plasmid. The recombinant plasmid is then inserted into a bacterial cell
Restriction sites
Specific site where a restriction enzyme cuts the DNA
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
,MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
Restriction enzyme
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
What is the optimal way to cut DNA?
In a staggered way, which creates "sticky ends"
Sticky ends
Single stranded ends of DNA left after cutting with enzymes
DNA ligase
An enzyme that seals the bonds between restriction fragments
Cloning vector
A DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there
Genomic library
Collection of recombinant vector clones produced by cloning DNA fragments from an entire genome
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
A large plasmid that acts as a bacterial chromosome and can carry inserts of 100,000 to 300,000 base
pairs
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
, MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
Complementary DNA (cDNA) library
Made by cloning DNA made in vitro by reverse transcription of all the mRNA produced by a particular
cell
True/false: a cDNA library represents the entirety of the genome
False
Nucleic acid hybridization
A clone carrying the gene of interest can be identified with a nucleic acid probe having a sequence
complementary to the gene
DNA probe
Used to screen a large number of clones simultaneously for the gene of interest
Gel electrophoresis
Indirect method of analyzing and comparing genomes. Molecules are sorted into "bands" by their size
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Can be used to compare two different DNA molecules such as two alleles for a gene.
Southern blotting
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
SDSU BIOL 203 – Exam 4 Study Guide (Feuer,
Latest 2025 Edition) | Verified 100% Correct
Q&A | Graded A+
What happens when a proto-oncogene is converted to an oncogene?
Can lead to abnormal stimulation of the cell cycle
Tumor supressor genes
Help prevent uncontrolled cell growth
What functions to tumor suppressor genes perform?
Repair damaged DNA, control cell division, inhibit the cell cycle in the cell-signaling pathway
p53 gene
Suppresses the cell cycle. It is suspected that many cancers involve damaging it
True/false: multiple mutations are needed for full-fledged cancer
True
BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene
Genes with increased risk for developing breast cancer that can be inherited
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
,MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
Recombinant DNA
Nucleotide sequences from two different sources into the same DNA molecule. Central to genetic
engineering
DNA technology
The manipulation of organisms or their genetic components to make useful products and has
revolutionized biotechnology
Microarray
A measurement of gene expression of thousands of different genes
DNA cloning
Preparing well-defined segments of DNA into identical copies
Gene cloning
Involves using bacteria to make multiple copies of a gene
Foreign DNA
Inserted into a plasmid. The recombinant plasmid is then inserted into a bacterial cell
Restriction sites
Specific site where a restriction enzyme cuts the DNA
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
,MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
Restriction enzyme
Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides
What is the optimal way to cut DNA?
In a staggered way, which creates "sticky ends"
Sticky ends
Single stranded ends of DNA left after cutting with enzymes
DNA ligase
An enzyme that seals the bonds between restriction fragments
Cloning vector
A DNA molecule that can carry foreign DNA into a host cell and replicate there
Genomic library
Collection of recombinant vector clones produced by cloning DNA fragments from an entire genome
Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)
A large plasmid that acts as a bacterial chromosome and can carry inserts of 100,000 to 300,000 base
pairs
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
, MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS | VERIFIED EXAM GUIDES 2025
Complementary DNA (cDNA) library
Made by cloning DNA made in vitro by reverse transcription of all the mRNA produced by a particular
cell
True/false: a cDNA library represents the entirety of the genome
False
Nucleic acid hybridization
A clone carrying the gene of interest can be identified with a nucleic acid probe having a sequence
complementary to the gene
DNA probe
Used to screen a large number of clones simultaneously for the gene of interest
Gel electrophoresis
Indirect method of analyzing and comparing genomes. Molecules are sorted into "bands" by their size
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Can be used to compare two different DNA molecules such as two alleles for a gene.
Southern blotting
MINDPLUG ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS – TURNING STUDY INTO STRATEGY
