Med-Surg Exam 2 jersey college Most Recent
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eating a heavy meal
angina could be triggered
Exp: blood shunted to the GI area which decreases
by ?
blood availability to the myocardium
typically felt behind the sternum and may radiate
locations of chest pain? to:neck, jaw, shoulders, and along the inner aspect of
the left arm.
what is the classic finding it is relieved with rest or nitroglycerine
of angina?
1. keep in a dark bottle
2.renew every 6 months
Pt. education for
3.place under tongue, never swallowed
nitroglycerin?
4. can take every 5 minutes x 3 doses
5. call 911 after the first dose if pain is not relieved
decrease in cardiac weak, thready pulse
output, expect the pulse
to be?
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muscle weakness
fatigue
signs of hypokalemia? muscle cramps
constipation
inverted T waves and a U wave on ekg
metabolic syndrome heart disease
increases the risk of?
spironolactone is a potentiate fluid and electrolyte imbalances ( if given
potassium sparing diuretic with potassium supplements, hyperkalemia can occur)
that could?
decreases heart rate and blood pressure. mask the
how do bet-blockers
signs of hypoglycemia or worsen asthma because of
work? end in -olol
bronchoconstriction
why should you avoid increase risk for rebound hypertension
discontinuing anti-
hypertensives medications
abruptly?
ACE inhibitors and hyperkalemia
Angiotensin 2 receptor
blockers (ARBs) increase
the risk of?
stop angiotensin 1 from converting to angiotensin 2
ACE inhibitors, how do
(powerful vasoconstrictor) thereby lowering total
they work? ends in -pril
peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure
instruct pt. to not eat or drink for 30 mins
How to take a proper
support arm at heart level
blood pressure reading?
make sure both feet are flat on the floor
the target organs affected retinopathy
by long standing neuropathy
hypertension? nephropathy
decrease in output could decrease in tissue perfusion which results in organ
cause what? failure
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Following a pulmonary to restore the blood flow through the pulmonary
artery pressure reading artery
you should deflate the
balloon. Why?
it triggers the valsalva maneuver which increases
Straining with bowel
intrathoracic pressure decreasing the venous blood
movements is not good
flow to the heart and results in decrease cardiac
because?
output.
change patients position orthostatic hypotension
slowly to prebent?
Low central venous could suggest dehydration or overdiuresis
pressure levels could
suggests?
increase central venous heart failure
pressure could suggest?
increase central venous measurement of the volume of blood that returned to
pressure provides a the right side of the heart (2-6 mm Hg)
measurement of what?
Hemodynamic monitoring in ICU and allows for direct cardiac monitoring
is performed where?
damage the endothelial lining of the arteries
homocysteine increase risk for thrombus formation and lead to
stroke, CAD, and peripheral artery disease
the radiology procedure direction of blood flow
ECHOCARDIOGRAM heart shape and size
shows what about the ventricular function
heart? ejection fraction
the purpose of a cardiac to determine the hearts ability to respond to increase
stress test? oxygen demand
this protein triggers Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
sodium excretion and a
decrease in volume?
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these protein levels Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP)
increase as ventricular
pressure increase in order
to rid the body of excess
fluid?
BNP level greater than _____ BNP levels greater than 100 suggest heart failure
suggests what?
patients who are allergic to iodine, shellfish or
contrast medium is
seafood
contraindicated in what
patients who are pregnant or has elevated creatinine
type of patients?
levels
contrast medium is? nephrotoxic
Premature Ventricular life threatening dysrthymias
Contractions could trigger
?
therapeutic INR levels for INR 2-3
coumadin when used for
a-fib is?
complication that may fatal dysrhythmias
occur following cardiac
catherization?
Adventitious sound heard wheezing
of the lower airway
narrowing?
fluid accumulation in the crackles
lower basis of the lungs,
you will hear what sound?
JVD
Peripheral edema
what suggest increase
hepatomegaly
pressure and filling
scrotal edema
volumes in the ventricles?
shortness of breath
crackles
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