1
Nr341 Pharmacology Cje Benchmark
Newest 2025/2026 Complete Questions
And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers)
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly
patients experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? -
(ANSWER)Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is
common in elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Aging
leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly
patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and
decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly patients
experience a slower first-pass effect.
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What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - (ANSWER)Aging results in
decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? -
(ANSWER)Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric
patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - (ANSWER)Pediatric
patients have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM
absorption, and thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? -
(ANSWER)Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding,
increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? -
(ANSWER)Pediatric patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older
children may have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric
patients? - (ANSWER)Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to
decreased drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? - (ANSWER)Category A: No
risk to humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to
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animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities
reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? -
(ANSWER)Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication
concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - (ANSWER)Right drug,
right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason
or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - (ANSWER)Ensure client
safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the
situation, and do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? -
(ANSWER)Identify the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - (ANSWER)Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers:
Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon;
Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
What defines an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)? - (ANSWER)An ADR is an
unexpected, unintended, or excessive response to medications given at
therapeutic dosages.
Nr341 Pharmacology Cje Benchmark
Newest 2025/2026 Complete Questions
And Correct Detailed Answers (Verified
Answers)
What are common sensory motor defects in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly
patients may experience sensory motor defects.
What cardiovascular changes occur in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly
patients experience decreased cardiac output (CO) and blood flow.
What is polypharmacy and why is it common in elderly patients? -
(ANSWER)Polypharmacy refers to the use of multiple medications, which is
common in elderly patients due to chronic illnesses.
How does aging affect drug absorption in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Aging
leads to decreased gastric pH, decreased peristalsis, and reduced GI blood flow.
What changes occur in drug distribution in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly
patients have increased fat content, decreased body mass and albumin, and
decreased body water.
How does metabolism change in elderly patients? - (ANSWER)Elderly patients
experience a slower first-pass effect.
, 2
What is the impact of aging on drug excretion? - (ANSWER)Aging results in
decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR).
What is crucial for pediatric patients regarding medication? -
(ANSWER)Weight/dose calculation is crucial due to limited studies on pediatric
patients.
How does drug absorption differ in pediatric patients? - (ANSWER)Pediatric
patients have less acidic pH until 1-2 years old, slow gastric emptying, faster IM
absorption, and thinner skin.
What are the distribution characteristics of drugs in pediatric patients? -
(ANSWER)Pediatric patients have low fat content, decreased protein binding,
increased blood-brain barrier permeability, and dehydration.
How does metabolism in pediatric patients differ from adults? -
(ANSWER)Pediatric patients have an immature first-pass effect, while older
children may have increased metabolism.
What is the effect of immature kidney function on drug excretion in pediatric
patients? - (ANSWER)Decreased perfusion and immature kidney function lead to
decreased drug excretion.
What are the pregnancy categories for medications? - (ANSWER)Category A: No
risk to humans; Category B: No risk to animal fetus; Category C: Adverse risk to
, 3
animal fetus; Category D: Possible risk to fetus; Category X: Fetal abnormalities
reported, DO NOT GIVE.
What should be considered for lactating mothers regarding medication? -
(ANSWER)Risk is present for lactating mothers despite low medication
concentration.
What are the 'Seven Rights' of medication administration? - (ANSWER)Right drug,
right dose, right time, right route, right patient, right documentation, right reason
or indication.
What should be done when a medication error occurs? - (ANSWER)Ensure client
safety, notify healthcare provider, follow facility procedures, reflect on the
situation, and do not record incident report completion in medical records.
What is the priority when using reversal agents for drug overdoses? -
(ANSWER)Identify the overdose medication.
What are common antidotes for specific drugs? - (ANSWER)Warfarin: Vitamin K;
Heparin: Protamine; Acetaminophen: Acetylcysteine; Calcium Channel Blockers:
Intravenous Calcium; Benzodiazepines: Flumazenil; Beta Blockers: Glucagon;
Opioid Drugs: Naloxone.
What defines an Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR)? - (ANSWER)An ADR is an
unexpected, unintended, or excessive response to medications given at
therapeutic dosages.
