PSYCH 302 BIOPSYCHOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the substance the brain uses as fuel? - ANSWER-ATP
Glucose - uses directly
Name two functions of the glial cells in the brain. - ANSWER-Physical support - held
in place by astrocytes
Chemical support - engulf chemicals and dead cells
What are the functions of Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells? - ANSWER-
Oligodendrocytes - provide support to axons, "feet" wrap around axon
Schwann - wrapped around the myelinated axon with whole body
Where are Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells found? - ANSWER-
Oligodendrocytes - Central Nervous System
Schwann - Peripheral Nervous System
Which ions are more concentrated on the inside of the cell? Outside? - ANSWER-
Intercellular — Organic anions (proteins)(A-), Potassium Ions (K+)
Extracellular — Sodium Ions (Na+), Chloride Ions (Cl-)
What is the blood-brain barrier? - ANSWER-A semipermeable barrier between the
blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's capillaries.
T/F: Phagocytosis refers to the ability of a glial cell to "digest" debris - ANSWER-
True
What Symbiotic Cellular Entity contains its own, independent, set of genes? -
ANSWER-Mitochondria
What happens to a neuron if it comes in contact with blood? - ANSWER-They die
T/F: The inside of a neuron contains more POSITIVE ions than the outside. -
ANSWER-False
Name 3 glial cells types and describe where in the nervous system they are located
(CNS or PNS). - ANSWER-Astrocytes — CNS
Schwann — PNS
Oligodendrocytes — CNS
What are the two forces that keep the Cl- and K+ concentrations in balance inside
and outside the cell? - ANSWER-Diffusion (high to low concentration dispersion)
Electrostatic Pressure (magnets, opposites attract)
What happens when a capillary vessel breaks inside the brain? Why is it dangerous?
- ANSWER-Blood comes into contact with neurons, then you die
, What advantage(s) does myelin have? - ANSWER-Speeds communication between
cells
Insulates axons from one another
What are the 3 forces that maintain Na+ balance along the neuron membrane? -
ANSWER-Electrostatic Pressure
Diffusion
Sodium-Potassium Pump
The central nervous system (CNS) includes: - ANSWER-The brain and the spinal
cord
When your brain is damaged, what type of cell attempts to counteract growing
damage by absorbing unwanted chemicals and by clearing away debris? -
ANSWER-Astrocytes
What mechanism maintains the high Na+ concentration outside the cell? -
ANSWER-Sodium-Potassium Pump
The axon of which animal was used to discover the nature of the action potential? -
ANSWER-Squid
Name two kinds of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. Which one of the two is
the fastest? - ANSWER-Ionotropic — fast, local action, one step
Metabotropic — second messengers — slow and diffuse, two step process
Define sulci and gyri. - ANSWER-Sulci — grooves
Gyri — rise in the folds
Where is the CSF produced? What do these letters stand for? - ANSWER-
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Choroid Plexi (all ventricles)
What are Excitatory and Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials (EPSP, IPSP)? -
ANSWER-EPSP — depolarizes the cell, the inside of the neuron is negative, making
it more positive by bringing it up by...
IPSP — hyperpolarizes, already negative, makes it more negative
T/F: The same neuron may release different neurotransmitters. - ANSWER-False
Name the 4 LOBES of the brain. - ANSWER-F-POT
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
Name the 3 major FISSURES of the brain. - ANSWER-Central
Longitudinal
Lateral
What structure of the brain links the right side of your body to the left side of your
body? What happens when this structure is cut? - ANSWER-Corpus Callosum
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is the substance the brain uses as fuel? - ANSWER-ATP
Glucose - uses directly
Name two functions of the glial cells in the brain. - ANSWER-Physical support - held
in place by astrocytes
Chemical support - engulf chemicals and dead cells
What are the functions of Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells? - ANSWER-
Oligodendrocytes - provide support to axons, "feet" wrap around axon
Schwann - wrapped around the myelinated axon with whole body
Where are Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells found? - ANSWER-
Oligodendrocytes - Central Nervous System
Schwann - Peripheral Nervous System
Which ions are more concentrated on the inside of the cell? Outside? - ANSWER-
Intercellular — Organic anions (proteins)(A-), Potassium Ions (K+)
Extracellular — Sodium Ions (Na+), Chloride Ions (Cl-)
What is the blood-brain barrier? - ANSWER-A semipermeable barrier between the
blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's capillaries.
T/F: Phagocytosis refers to the ability of a glial cell to "digest" debris - ANSWER-
True
What Symbiotic Cellular Entity contains its own, independent, set of genes? -
ANSWER-Mitochondria
What happens to a neuron if it comes in contact with blood? - ANSWER-They die
T/F: The inside of a neuron contains more POSITIVE ions than the outside. -
ANSWER-False
Name 3 glial cells types and describe where in the nervous system they are located
(CNS or PNS). - ANSWER-Astrocytes — CNS
Schwann — PNS
Oligodendrocytes — CNS
What are the two forces that keep the Cl- and K+ concentrations in balance inside
and outside the cell? - ANSWER-Diffusion (high to low concentration dispersion)
Electrostatic Pressure (magnets, opposites attract)
What happens when a capillary vessel breaks inside the brain? Why is it dangerous?
- ANSWER-Blood comes into contact with neurons, then you die
, What advantage(s) does myelin have? - ANSWER-Speeds communication between
cells
Insulates axons from one another
What are the 3 forces that maintain Na+ balance along the neuron membrane? -
ANSWER-Electrostatic Pressure
Diffusion
Sodium-Potassium Pump
The central nervous system (CNS) includes: - ANSWER-The brain and the spinal
cord
When your brain is damaged, what type of cell attempts to counteract growing
damage by absorbing unwanted chemicals and by clearing away debris? -
ANSWER-Astrocytes
What mechanism maintains the high Na+ concentration outside the cell? -
ANSWER-Sodium-Potassium Pump
The axon of which animal was used to discover the nature of the action potential? -
ANSWER-Squid
Name two kinds of neurotransmitter receptors in the brain. Which one of the two is
the fastest? - ANSWER-Ionotropic — fast, local action, one step
Metabotropic — second messengers — slow and diffuse, two step process
Define sulci and gyri. - ANSWER-Sulci — grooves
Gyri — rise in the folds
Where is the CSF produced? What do these letters stand for? - ANSWER-
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Choroid Plexi (all ventricles)
What are Excitatory and Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potentials (EPSP, IPSP)? -
ANSWER-EPSP — depolarizes the cell, the inside of the neuron is negative, making
it more positive by bringing it up by...
IPSP — hyperpolarizes, already negative, makes it more negative
T/F: The same neuron may release different neurotransmitters. - ANSWER-False
Name the 4 LOBES of the brain. - ANSWER-F-POT
Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital
Name the 3 major FISSURES of the brain. - ANSWER-Central
Longitudinal
Lateral
What structure of the brain links the right side of your body to the left side of your
body? What happens when this structure is cut? - ANSWER-Corpus Callosum
