NUR 242 MED SURG (GALEN COLLEGE OF NURSING) EXAM 3 VERIFIED TEST
QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED SOLUTIONS
What is ventilation?
the movement of air into and out of the lungs
What is perfusion?
the circulation of blood through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to?
increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to?
decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces?
lungs recoil due to elastin, collagen, fibrin
,What are surface forces?
surface tension due to water-air interface
What is airway resistance?
opposition to flow caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs?
ease with which the lungs can be inflated
What is lung distensibility increased in?
neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in?
elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant?
,complex substance lining the alveoli and smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids
and a number of apoproteins which reduces surface tension throughout the lungs, thereby
contributing to its general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant?
produced by the Type II alveolar cells
What is the leading cause of cancer death?
lung cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by?
cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer?
cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough sputum);
hoarseness;
chest pain;
often disseminated (spread widely) at time of diagnosis
What are the types of bronchogenic carcinomas?
, squamous cell lung carcinoma (25-40%);
adenocarcinoma (20-40%);
small cell carcinoma (20-25%);
large cell carcinoma (10-15%)
What is acute airway obstruction caused by?
foreign body aspiration;
laryngospasm (spontaneous spasm of the vocal cords);
trauma
What is complete acute airway obstruction?
inspiratory chest movements but no air movement;
tachycardia, cyanosis, rapid progression to unconsciousness
What is partial acute airway obstruction?
stridor (harsh vibrating noise), wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, retractions
(chest moving inward)
What are some respiratory disorders in children?
upper airway infections: viral croup, spasmodic croup, and epiglotitis;
lower airway infections: acute bronchiolitis
QUESTIONS WITH WELL DETAILED SOLUTIONS
What is ventilation?
the movement of air into and out of the lungs
What is perfusion?
the circulation of blood through the lungs
What are central chemoreceptors responsive to?
increased H+ in the brain ECF;
increased PaCO2;
"hypercarbic drive"
What are peripheral chemoreceptors responsive to?
decreased pH;
increased PaCO2;
decreased PaO2;
"hypoxic drive"
What are elastic forces?
lungs recoil due to elastin, collagen, fibrin
,What are surface forces?
surface tension due to water-air interface
What is airway resistance?
opposition to flow caused by the forces of friction; primarily determined by airway radius
What is the distensibility of the lungs?
ease with which the lungs can be inflated
What is lung distensibility increased in?
neonates and children;
emphysema
What is lung distensibility decreased in?
elderly;
pneumonia, pulmonary edema, ARDS, atelectasis, fibrosis
What is surfactant?
,complex substance lining the alveoli and smallest bronchioles containing phospholipids
and a number of apoproteins which reduces surface tension throughout the lungs, thereby
contributing to its general compliance;
stabilizes the alveoli and keeps them dry
What produces surfactant?
produced by the Type II alveolar cells
What is the leading cause of cancer death?
lung cancer
What is lung cancer most likely caused by?
cigarette smoking;
asbestos;
familial predisposition
What are the manifestations of lung cancer?
cough, hemoptysis (blood in cough sputum);
hoarseness;
chest pain;
often disseminated (spread widely) at time of diagnosis
What are the types of bronchogenic carcinomas?
, squamous cell lung carcinoma (25-40%);
adenocarcinoma (20-40%);
small cell carcinoma (20-25%);
large cell carcinoma (10-15%)
What is acute airway obstruction caused by?
foreign body aspiration;
laryngospasm (spontaneous spasm of the vocal cords);
trauma
What is complete acute airway obstruction?
inspiratory chest movements but no air movement;
tachycardia, cyanosis, rapid progression to unconsciousness
What is partial acute airway obstruction?
stridor (harsh vibrating noise), wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, tachycardia, retractions
(chest moving inward)
What are some respiratory disorders in children?
upper airway infections: viral croup, spasmodic croup, and epiglotitis;
lower airway infections: acute bronchiolitis
