NUR 445 Exam 1 questions and verified answers
(detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TESTS!!
Name the AV Valves
Ans: R: tricuspid
L: Mitral / bicuspid
Quiz Name the Semilunar valves
Ans: R: Pulmonic
L: Aortic
Quiz Name the Systolic Mumurs.
Ans: Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis
Mitral or Tricuspid Regurgitation
Quiz Name Diastolic Murmurs
Ans: Aortic or Pulmonic Regurgitation
Mitral or Tricuspid Stenosis
,Quiz What are causes of valvular stenosis?
Ans: calcification (atherosclerosis), congenital factors, Rheumatic fever
Quiz What are risk factors for Mitral stenosis
Ans: female
degenerative
rheumatic fever
Quiz What are risk factors for aortic stenosis?
Ans: congenital valve malformation
rheumatic fever --> rheumatic heart disease
male gender
aging --> degeneration
Quiz What are s/sx of L valves stenosis
Ans: increased PA pressure
severe --> decreased CO
increased LV diastolic Pressure
may --> AFib
SOB, crackled lung sounds (Resp. symptoms)
,Quiz What are s/sx of R valves stenosis
Ans: Right heart hypertrophy
increased afterload
edema
distended neck veins (systemic symptoms)
Quiz What are the causes of mitral regurgitation
Ans: leaflet abnormalities, annulus, chorde tendieae, or papillary muscles
Quiz What are the causes of aortic regurgitation?
Ans: rheumatic heart disease, congenital, degenerative, infective endocarditis, Marfan's Syndrome
Quiz What are the s/sx of valve regurgitation?
Ans: hypertrophy, fatigue, weakness, orthopnea, dyspnea with exertion, edema
Quiz What is infective endocarditis
Ans: congenital or iatropic disruption of endothelium on valve attracts platelets --> thrombi
systemic infection --> vegetation on throbi --> growth that interferes with valve function
aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation are most common
, Quiz Who is at risk for infective endocarditis
Ans: decreased defenses against bacteria
pre-exisiting heart conditions, young, old, IV drug users, HIV, post-heart surgery, hemodialysis
Quiz What is the treatment for infective endocarditis
Ans: more than 6 weeks abx
valve replacement
prophylactic abx (dental procedures)
Quiz collaborative management of valve dysfunction
Ans: asymptomatic --> monitor
control HR with beta blockers, CCB, Digoxin
decrease heart failure - diuretics, decrease sodium and fluid restriction
ACE inhibitors or ARBs
valve replacement (anti-coagulants for foreign body or AFib)
Quiz Nursing management of valve dysfunction
Ans: Monitor for changes in CO
Listen to heart sounds for murmurs, changes, or S3/S4
Monitor Electrolytes (K, Mg)
(detailed & elaborated) ACTUAL EXAM 2025 TESTS!!
Name the AV Valves
Ans: R: tricuspid
L: Mitral / bicuspid
Quiz Name the Semilunar valves
Ans: R: Pulmonic
L: Aortic
Quiz Name the Systolic Mumurs.
Ans: Aortic or Pulmonic Stenosis
Mitral or Tricuspid Regurgitation
Quiz Name Diastolic Murmurs
Ans: Aortic or Pulmonic Regurgitation
Mitral or Tricuspid Stenosis
,Quiz What are causes of valvular stenosis?
Ans: calcification (atherosclerosis), congenital factors, Rheumatic fever
Quiz What are risk factors for Mitral stenosis
Ans: female
degenerative
rheumatic fever
Quiz What are risk factors for aortic stenosis?
Ans: congenital valve malformation
rheumatic fever --> rheumatic heart disease
male gender
aging --> degeneration
Quiz What are s/sx of L valves stenosis
Ans: increased PA pressure
severe --> decreased CO
increased LV diastolic Pressure
may --> AFib
SOB, crackled lung sounds (Resp. symptoms)
,Quiz What are s/sx of R valves stenosis
Ans: Right heart hypertrophy
increased afterload
edema
distended neck veins (systemic symptoms)
Quiz What are the causes of mitral regurgitation
Ans: leaflet abnormalities, annulus, chorde tendieae, or papillary muscles
Quiz What are the causes of aortic regurgitation?
Ans: rheumatic heart disease, congenital, degenerative, infective endocarditis, Marfan's Syndrome
Quiz What are the s/sx of valve regurgitation?
Ans: hypertrophy, fatigue, weakness, orthopnea, dyspnea with exertion, edema
Quiz What is infective endocarditis
Ans: congenital or iatropic disruption of endothelium on valve attracts platelets --> thrombi
systemic infection --> vegetation on throbi --> growth that interferes with valve function
aortic stenosis or mitral regurgitation are most common
, Quiz Who is at risk for infective endocarditis
Ans: decreased defenses against bacteria
pre-exisiting heart conditions, young, old, IV drug users, HIV, post-heart surgery, hemodialysis
Quiz What is the treatment for infective endocarditis
Ans: more than 6 weeks abx
valve replacement
prophylactic abx (dental procedures)
Quiz collaborative management of valve dysfunction
Ans: asymptomatic --> monitor
control HR with beta blockers, CCB, Digoxin
decrease heart failure - diuretics, decrease sodium and fluid restriction
ACE inhibitors or ARBs
valve replacement (anti-coagulants for foreign body or AFib)
Quiz Nursing management of valve dysfunction
Ans: Monitor for changes in CO
Listen to heart sounds for murmurs, changes, or S3/S4
Monitor Electrolytes (K, Mg)
