Page 1 of 54
“NURSE LABS “ LATEST 2025 EXAM UPDATED
2025 – 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION)
Nurse Labs
An elderly client with pneumonia may appear with which of the following
symptoms first?
A. Altered mental status and dehydration
B. Fever and chills
C. Hemoptysis and dyspnea
D. Pleuritic chest pain and cough
A. Altered mental status
Fever, chills, hemoptysis, dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain are the common
symptoms of pneumonia, but elderly clients may first appear with only an altered
mental status and dehydration due to a blunted immune response.
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms that occurs in the lung
parenchyma allows pneumonia to develop?
A. Atelectasis
B. Bronchiectasis
C. Effusion
D. Inflammation
D. Inflammation
Pneumonia is an inflammatory pulmonary response to the offending organism or
agent.
, Page 2 of 54
A 7-year-old client is brought to the E.R. He's tachypneic and afebrile and has
a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute and a nonproductive cough. He recently
had a cold. From his history, the client may have which of the following?
A. Acute asthma
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D. Emphysema
A. Acute asthma
Based on the client's history and symptoms, acute asthma is the most likely
diagnosis. He's unlikely to have bronchial pneumonia without a productive cough and
fever and he's too young to have developed COPD or emphysema.
Which of the following assessment findings would help confirm a diagnosis of
asthma in a client suspected of having the disorder?
A. Circumoral cyanosis
B. Increased forced expiratory volume
C. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing
D. Normal breath sounds
C. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing
Inspiratory and expiratory wheezes are typical findings in asthma. Circumoral
cyanosis may be present in extreme cases of respiratory distress. The nurse would
expect the client to have a decreased forced expiratory volume because asthma is
an obstructive pulmonary disease. Breath sounds will be "tight" sounding or
markedly decreased; they won't be normal.
Which of the following types of asthma involves an acute asthma attack
brought on by an upper respiratory infection?
A. Emotional
B. Extrinsic
C. Intrinsic
D. Mediated
C. Intrinsic
Intrinsic asthma doesn't have an easily identifiable allergen and can be triggered by
the common cold. Asthma caused be emotional reasons is considered to be in the
extrinsic category. Extrinsic asthma is caused by dust, molds, and pets; easily
identifiable allergens. Mediated asthma doesn't exist.
A client with acute asthma showing inspiratory and expiratory wheezes and a
decreased expiratory volume should be treated with which of the following
classes of medication right away?
A. beta-adrenergic blockers
B. Bronchodilators
C. Inhaled steroids
D. Oral steroids
B. Bronchodilator
Bronchodilators are the first line of treatment for asthma because
bronchoconstriction is the cause of reduced airflow. Beta-adrenergic blockers aren't
, Page 3 of 54
used to treat asthma and can cause bronchoconstriction. Inhaled or oral steroids
may be given to reduce the inflammation but aren't used for emergency relief.
A 19-year-old comes into the emergency department with acute asthma. His
respiratory rate is 44 breaths/minute, and he appears to be in acute respiratory
distress. Which of the following actions should be taken first?
A. Take a full medication history
B. Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer
C. Apply a cardiac monitor to the client
D. Provide emotional support to the client
B. Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer
The client is having an acute asthma attack and needs to increase oxygen delivery
to the lung and body. Nebulized bronchodilators open airways and increase the
amount of oxygen delivered. First, resolve the acute phase of the attack ad how to
prevent attacks in the future. It may not be necessary to place the client on a cardiac
monitor because he's only 19-years-old, unless he has a past medical history of
cardiac problems.
A 58-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to two packs of
cigarettes a day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum, peripheral
edema, and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has
which of the following conditions?
A. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
B. Asthma
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
D. emphysema
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Because of his extensive smoking history and symptoms, the client most likely has
chronic obstructive bronchitis. Clients with ARDS have acute symptoms of and
typically need large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma and emphysema tend
not to have a chronic cough or peripheral edema.
The term "blue bloater" refers to which of the following conditions?
A. ARDS
B. Asthma
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
D. emphysema
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they have large barrel
chests and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds and, at times, circumoral cyanosis.
Clients with ARDS are acutely short of breath and frequently need intubation for
mechanical ventilation and large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma don't
exhibit characteristics of chronic disease, and clients with emphysema appear pink
and cachectic (a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting).
The term "pink puffer" refers to the client with which of the following
conditions?
A. ARDS
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B. Asthma
C. COPD
D. Emphysema
D. Emphysema
Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe, clients with emphysema
are usually cachectic. They're pink and usually breathe through pursed lips, hence
the term "puffer". Clients with ARDS are usually acutely short of breath. Clients with
asthma don't have any particular characteristics, and clients with chronic obstructive
bronchitis are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.
A 66-year-old client has marked dyspnea at rest, is thin, and uses accessory
muscles to breathe. He's tachypneic, with a prolonged expiratory phase. He
has no cough. He leans forward with his arms braced on his knees to support
his chest and shoulders for breathing. This client has symptoms of which of
the following respiratory disorders?
A. ARDS
B. Asthma
C. COPD
D. Emphysema
D. Emphysema
These are classic signs and symptoms of a client with emphysema. Clients with
ARDS are acutely short of breath and require emergency care; those with asthma
are also acutely short of breath during an attack and appear very frightened. Clients
with chronic obstructive bronchitis are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.
It's highly recommended that clients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and
emphysema have Pneumovax and flu vaccinations for which of the following
reasons?
A. All clients are recommended to have these vaccines
B. These vaccines produce bronchodilation and improve oxygenation
C. These vaccines help reduce the tachypnea these clients experience
D. Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in
these clients
D. Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in these
clients
It's highly recommended that clients with respiratory disorders be given vaccines to
protect against respiratory infection. Infections can cause these clients to need
intubation and mechanical ventilation, and it may be difficult to wean these clients
from the ventilator. The vaccines have no effect on bronchodilation or respiratory
care.
The nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. Which of the following
outcomes is the least desirable?
A. The client spends more time by himself.
B. The client doesn't engage in delusional thinking.
C. The client doesn't harm himself or others.
D. The client demonstrates the ability to meet his own self-care needs.
“NURSE LABS “ LATEST 2025 EXAM UPDATED
2025 – 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
VERIFIED 100% GRADED A+ (LATEST VERSION)
Nurse Labs
An elderly client with pneumonia may appear with which of the following
symptoms first?
A. Altered mental status and dehydration
B. Fever and chills
C. Hemoptysis and dyspnea
D. Pleuritic chest pain and cough
A. Altered mental status
Fever, chills, hemoptysis, dyspnea, cough, and pleuritic chest pain are the common
symptoms of pneumonia, but elderly clients may first appear with only an altered
mental status and dehydration due to a blunted immune response.
Which of the following pathophysiological mechanisms that occurs in the lung
parenchyma allows pneumonia to develop?
A. Atelectasis
B. Bronchiectasis
C. Effusion
D. Inflammation
D. Inflammation
Pneumonia is an inflammatory pulmonary response to the offending organism or
agent.
, Page 2 of 54
A 7-year-old client is brought to the E.R. He's tachypneic and afebrile and has
a respiratory rate of 36 breaths/minute and a nonproductive cough. He recently
had a cold. From his history, the client may have which of the following?
A. Acute asthma
B. Bronchial pneumonia
C. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
D. Emphysema
A. Acute asthma
Based on the client's history and symptoms, acute asthma is the most likely
diagnosis. He's unlikely to have bronchial pneumonia without a productive cough and
fever and he's too young to have developed COPD or emphysema.
Which of the following assessment findings would help confirm a diagnosis of
asthma in a client suspected of having the disorder?
A. Circumoral cyanosis
B. Increased forced expiratory volume
C. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing
D. Normal breath sounds
C. Inspiratory and expiratory wheezing
Inspiratory and expiratory wheezes are typical findings in asthma. Circumoral
cyanosis may be present in extreme cases of respiratory distress. The nurse would
expect the client to have a decreased forced expiratory volume because asthma is
an obstructive pulmonary disease. Breath sounds will be "tight" sounding or
markedly decreased; they won't be normal.
Which of the following types of asthma involves an acute asthma attack
brought on by an upper respiratory infection?
A. Emotional
B. Extrinsic
C. Intrinsic
D. Mediated
C. Intrinsic
Intrinsic asthma doesn't have an easily identifiable allergen and can be triggered by
the common cold. Asthma caused be emotional reasons is considered to be in the
extrinsic category. Extrinsic asthma is caused by dust, molds, and pets; easily
identifiable allergens. Mediated asthma doesn't exist.
A client with acute asthma showing inspiratory and expiratory wheezes and a
decreased expiratory volume should be treated with which of the following
classes of medication right away?
A. beta-adrenergic blockers
B. Bronchodilators
C. Inhaled steroids
D. Oral steroids
B. Bronchodilator
Bronchodilators are the first line of treatment for asthma because
bronchoconstriction is the cause of reduced airflow. Beta-adrenergic blockers aren't
, Page 3 of 54
used to treat asthma and can cause bronchoconstriction. Inhaled or oral steroids
may be given to reduce the inflammation but aren't used for emergency relief.
A 19-year-old comes into the emergency department with acute asthma. His
respiratory rate is 44 breaths/minute, and he appears to be in acute respiratory
distress. Which of the following actions should be taken first?
A. Take a full medication history
B. Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer
C. Apply a cardiac monitor to the client
D. Provide emotional support to the client
B. Give a bronchodilator by nebulizer
The client is having an acute asthma attack and needs to increase oxygen delivery
to the lung and body. Nebulized bronchodilators open airways and increase the
amount of oxygen delivered. First, resolve the acute phase of the attack ad how to
prevent attacks in the future. It may not be necessary to place the client on a cardiac
monitor because he's only 19-years-old, unless he has a past medical history of
cardiac problems.
A 58-year-old client with a 40-year history of smoking one to two packs of
cigarettes a day has a chronic cough producing thick sputum, peripheral
edema, and cyanotic nail beds. Based on this information, he most likely has
which of the following conditions?
A. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
B. Asthma
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
D. emphysema
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Because of his extensive smoking history and symptoms, the client most likely has
chronic obstructive bronchitis. Clients with ARDS have acute symptoms of and
typically need large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma and emphysema tend
not to have a chronic cough or peripheral edema.
The term "blue bloater" refers to which of the following conditions?
A. ARDS
B. Asthma
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
D. emphysema
C. Chronic obstructive bronchitis
Clients with chronic obstructive bronchitis appear bloated; they have large barrel
chests and peripheral edema, cyanotic nail beds and, at times, circumoral cyanosis.
Clients with ARDS are acutely short of breath and frequently need intubation for
mechanical ventilation and large amounts of oxygen. Clients with asthma don't
exhibit characteristics of chronic disease, and clients with emphysema appear pink
and cachectic (a state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting).
The term "pink puffer" refers to the client with which of the following
conditions?
A. ARDS
, Page 4 of 54
B. Asthma
C. COPD
D. Emphysema
D. Emphysema
Because of the large amount of energy it takes to breathe, clients with emphysema
are usually cachectic. They're pink and usually breathe through pursed lips, hence
the term "puffer". Clients with ARDS are usually acutely short of breath. Clients with
asthma don't have any particular characteristics, and clients with chronic obstructive
bronchitis are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.
A 66-year-old client has marked dyspnea at rest, is thin, and uses accessory
muscles to breathe. He's tachypneic, with a prolonged expiratory phase. He
has no cough. He leans forward with his arms braced on his knees to support
his chest and shoulders for breathing. This client has symptoms of which of
the following respiratory disorders?
A. ARDS
B. Asthma
C. COPD
D. Emphysema
D. Emphysema
These are classic signs and symptoms of a client with emphysema. Clients with
ARDS are acutely short of breath and require emergency care; those with asthma
are also acutely short of breath during an attack and appear very frightened. Clients
with chronic obstructive bronchitis are bloated and cyanotic in appearance.
It's highly recommended that clients with asthma, chronic bronchitis, and
emphysema have Pneumovax and flu vaccinations for which of the following
reasons?
A. All clients are recommended to have these vaccines
B. These vaccines produce bronchodilation and improve oxygenation
C. These vaccines help reduce the tachypnea these clients experience
D. Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in
these clients
D. Respiratory infections can cause severe hypoxia and possibly death in these
clients
It's highly recommended that clients with respiratory disorders be given vaccines to
protect against respiratory infection. Infections can cause these clients to need
intubation and mechanical ventilation, and it may be difficult to wean these clients
from the ventilator. The vaccines have no effect on bronchodilation or respiratory
care.
The nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. Which of the following
outcomes is the least desirable?
A. The client spends more time by himself.
B. The client doesn't engage in delusional thinking.
C. The client doesn't harm himself or others.
D. The client demonstrates the ability to meet his own self-care needs.
