Pharmacology Ch 1-5 LPN Exam
Questions and Answers
Absorption - ANSWER-Moving the drug from the site of administration into the bodily
fluids and is the process by which the drug is made available for the use in body.
The drug particles in the G.I. tract are moved into the body
First pass effect - ANSWER-The amount the liver metabolizes before releasing the
drug into the body
Distribution - ANSWER-systematic circulation transports and distributes drugs to
various body tissues or target sites .Drug Binds to protein and travels through the
body
Metabolism - ANSWER-Also known as biotransformation is the process by which the
body changes a drug to a more or less active form that can be excreted.
Where are drugs metabolized - ANSWER-Most drugs are metabolized by the liver
although the kidneys lungs plasma and intestinal mucosas also aid in the
metabolism of drugs.
Metabolites - ANSWER-And in active form of the original drug
Excretion - ANSWER-The elimination of drugs from the body. After the liver renders
drugs in active the kidneys excrete the in active compounds from the body. other
drugs are eliminated three sweat breastmilk or breath or by the G.I. tract through
feces
Half-life - ANSWER-Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug
Onset, peak and duration - ANSWER-Onset- the time between administration of the
drug and the onset of it's therapeutic effect
Peak concentration-when absorption rate equals the elimination right not always the
time of peak response
Duration-links of time the drug produces a therapeutic effect
Pharmacodynamics phase pharmacodynamic deals with the drugs action and effect
in the body most drugs have an affinity for certain organs or tissues and exert their
greatest action at the cellular level on those specific areas which are called target
sites. - ANSWER-...
Receptor interaction - ANSWER-The function of the cell is altered when a drug
interacts with a receptor. On cell surface
, Agonist - ANSWER-Drug that combines with a receptor and stimulates the receptor
to produce a therapeutic response
Antagonist - ANSWER-Drug that joins with the receptor but does not stimulate the
receptors the therapeutic action in this case consists of blocking the receptors
function
teratogen - ANSWER-Any substance that causes abnormal development of the fetus
Adverse reaction or side effects - ANSWER-Mild common and non toxic reactions
are side effects
Adverse reactions are used to describe more severe and life-threatening reactions
Allergic drug reaction - ANSWER-And immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylactic shock - ANSWER-Extremely serious allergic drug reaction that usually
occur shortly after the administration of a drug to which the individual is sensitive.
Requires immediate medical attention
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock - ANSWER-Respiratory symptoms-bronchospasms
dyspnea
feeling of fullness in the throat
cough
wheezing
Cardiovascular-
Extremely low blood pressure tachycardia palpitations fainting cardiac arrest
Integumentary-hives Edema itching sweating
Gastrointestinal- nausea vomiting abdominal pain
Drug idiosyncrasy - ANSWER-Used to describe any unusual or abnormal reaction to
a drug
Drug tolerance - ANSWER-Term used to describe a decreased response to a drug
requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect
Cumulative drug effect - ANSWER-Seen in people with liver or kidney disease
because these organs are the drugs sites for the breakdown and excretion of most
drugs. Body is unable to metabolize and excrete one normal dose of the drug before
the next dose is given
Toxic reactions - ANSWER-Most drugs can produce toxic or harmful reactions if
administered in large doses or when blood concentration levels exceed the
therapeutic level
Additive drug reaction - ANSWER-Occurs when the combined effect of chew drugs
is equal to the summit each drug given alone one plus one equals two
Questions and Answers
Absorption - ANSWER-Moving the drug from the site of administration into the bodily
fluids and is the process by which the drug is made available for the use in body.
The drug particles in the G.I. tract are moved into the body
First pass effect - ANSWER-The amount the liver metabolizes before releasing the
drug into the body
Distribution - ANSWER-systematic circulation transports and distributes drugs to
various body tissues or target sites .Drug Binds to protein and travels through the
body
Metabolism - ANSWER-Also known as biotransformation is the process by which the
body changes a drug to a more or less active form that can be excreted.
Where are drugs metabolized - ANSWER-Most drugs are metabolized by the liver
although the kidneys lungs plasma and intestinal mucosas also aid in the
metabolism of drugs.
Metabolites - ANSWER-And in active form of the original drug
Excretion - ANSWER-The elimination of drugs from the body. After the liver renders
drugs in active the kidneys excrete the in active compounds from the body. other
drugs are eliminated three sweat breastmilk or breath or by the G.I. tract through
feces
Half-life - ANSWER-Time required for the body to eliminate 50% of the drug
Onset, peak and duration - ANSWER-Onset- the time between administration of the
drug and the onset of it's therapeutic effect
Peak concentration-when absorption rate equals the elimination right not always the
time of peak response
Duration-links of time the drug produces a therapeutic effect
Pharmacodynamics phase pharmacodynamic deals with the drugs action and effect
in the body most drugs have an affinity for certain organs or tissues and exert their
greatest action at the cellular level on those specific areas which are called target
sites. - ANSWER-...
Receptor interaction - ANSWER-The function of the cell is altered when a drug
interacts with a receptor. On cell surface
, Agonist - ANSWER-Drug that combines with a receptor and stimulates the receptor
to produce a therapeutic response
Antagonist - ANSWER-Drug that joins with the receptor but does not stimulate the
receptors the therapeutic action in this case consists of blocking the receptors
function
teratogen - ANSWER-Any substance that causes abnormal development of the fetus
Adverse reaction or side effects - ANSWER-Mild common and non toxic reactions
are side effects
Adverse reactions are used to describe more severe and life-threatening reactions
Allergic drug reaction - ANSWER-And immediate hypersensitivity reaction
Anaphylactic shock - ANSWER-Extremely serious allergic drug reaction that usually
occur shortly after the administration of a drug to which the individual is sensitive.
Requires immediate medical attention
Symptoms of anaphylactic shock - ANSWER-Respiratory symptoms-bronchospasms
dyspnea
feeling of fullness in the throat
cough
wheezing
Cardiovascular-
Extremely low blood pressure tachycardia palpitations fainting cardiac arrest
Integumentary-hives Edema itching sweating
Gastrointestinal- nausea vomiting abdominal pain
Drug idiosyncrasy - ANSWER-Used to describe any unusual or abnormal reaction to
a drug
Drug tolerance - ANSWER-Term used to describe a decreased response to a drug
requiring an increase in dosage to achieve the desired effect
Cumulative drug effect - ANSWER-Seen in people with liver or kidney disease
because these organs are the drugs sites for the breakdown and excretion of most
drugs. Body is unable to metabolize and excrete one normal dose of the drug before
the next dose is given
Toxic reactions - ANSWER-Most drugs can produce toxic or harmful reactions if
administered in large doses or when blood concentration levels exceed the
therapeutic level
Additive drug reaction - ANSWER-Occurs when the combined effect of chew drugs
is equal to the summit each drug given alone one plus one equals two
