TEST BANK
Canadian Community As Partner: Theory &
Multidisciplinary Practice
, Chapter 1, Population Health Promotion: Essentials and
Essence Of Practice
1. The 20th Century Saw Numerous Improvements In The Health Status Of People
In The Developed World. This Was Primarily Attributable To What
Phenomenon?
A. Steady Declines In The Rate Of Tobacco Consumption
B. The Development Of Vaccines Against Many Communicable Diseases
C. Eradication Of Microorganisms Responsible For Infectious Diseases
D. Government Policies That Prioritized Health Promotion Over
Disease Treatment
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Health Status Gains In The Developed World During The 20th
Century Were A Result Of (1) Advances In Knowledge About The Causes Of
Disease, (2) Development Of New Technologies And Pharmaceuticals To Treat
And Cure Many Diseases, (3) Creation Of Vaccines And Environmental
Solutions To Prevent Disease Transmission And Acquisition, And (4)
Innovations In Surveillance Techniques To Measure Health Status.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy Ref: Page And Header: 3, Introduction
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
2. What Document Is Recognized As Laying The Foundation For The Transition
In The Focus Of Canadian Health Policy From Disease To Health?
A. The Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion
B. The Epp Framework (A Framework For Health Promotion)
C. The Who Declaration Of Alma-Ata
D. The Lalonde Report (A New Perspectives On The Health Of
Canadians) ANSWER: D
Rationale: The Publication In 1974 Of The Lalonde Report (A New Perspective
On The Health Of Canadians) Heralded A Change In The Focus Of Health On
Disease To A Focus On Health. The Ottawa Charter, The Who Declaration, And
The Epp Framework Were Each Subsequent To The Lalonde Report.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 5, The Lalonde Report Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
,3. The Lalonde Report Of 1974 Is Recognized As One Of The Seminal
Publications That Has Shaped The Character And Direction Of Public Health
Policy In Canada. What Change In Policy Is Attributed To The Lalonde
Report?
A. A Shift From Collective Responsibility For The Health Of Canadians
To An Individual Focus
B. A Change In Focus From The Treatment Of Illness To The Promotion Of Health
C. A Change From Private Funding For Health To A Combination Of Provincial
And Federal Funding
D. A Recognition Of The Importance Of Determinants Of
Health ANSWER: B
Rationale: The Lalonde Report Is Credited With Initiating A Change In The
Policy From A Focus On Disease To A Focus On Health. The Report Did Not
Promote A Change In Funding, A Change To Individual Responsibility, Or A
Formal Recognition Of The Determinants Of Health.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 5, The Lalonde Report Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
4. The Publication Of The World Health Organization’s Declaration Of Alma-Ata
Is Acknowledged To Be A Key Event In The Development Of Contemporary
Public Health Policy. The Declaration Prioritized:
A. Collaboration Among Individuals And Health Care Providers To Impact
Health Decisions.
B. Increased Funding For The Education Of Nurses, Physicians, And Allied
Health Workers In Member Nations.
C. Cooperation Between Developed Nations And Developing Nations To
Eradicate Global Health Inequities.
D. The Removal Of Class-Based Barriers To Health Decision Making.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Declaration Of Alma-Ata Called For Health Providers To Work
With People To Assist Them In Making Decisions About Their Health And How
To Meet Health Challenges In Ways That Are Affordable, Acceptable, And
Sustainable In The Long Term. It Did Not Specifically Prioritize Education
Funding, International Cooperation, Or The Removal Of Class-Based Barriers
To Health.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 5, Declaration Of Alma-Ata Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
, Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
5. A Public Health Worker Is Participating In The Creation Of A Health Promotion
Initiative That Aims To Address Many Of The Poor Health Outcomes In A
City’s Homeless Population. The Success Or Failure Of This Initiative Is Likely
To Depend On What Factor?
A. Accessibility And The Perceived Credibility Of The Planned Initiative
B. The Provision Of Incentives And Immediate Benefits For Participants In
The Program
C. Providing Safe And Supportive Housing For Homeless People
Before Addressing Their Health Needs
D. Redressing The Disparities Based On Gender, Socioeconomic Status,
And Education
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Declaration Of Alma-Ata Called For Health Providers To Work
With People To Assist Them In Making Decisions About Their Health And How
To Meet Health Challenges In Ways That Are Affordable, Acceptable, And
Sustainable In The Long Term. In Facing The Health Challenges Posed By
Homelessness, It Is Imperative That Programs, Policies, And Interventions
Ensure Accessibility By The Members Of This Population. As Well, It Is
Necessary To Present Initiatives In A Way That Promotes Their Credibility.
Short-Term Benefits Are Not A Prerequisite And The Resolution Of Disparities
And Lack Of Housing Need Not Precede Health Promotion.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 5, Declaration Of Alma-Ata Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
6. Which Issue Is Recognized As Being Inadequately Addressed By Current
Canadian Health Policy?
A. Canadians Are Not Aware Of The Impact That Their Behaviours Have On
Their Health Status.
B. Utilization Of The Health Care System Is Insufficient To Ensure The
Health Of The Population.
C. Members Of Disadvantaged Groups Are Less Healthy Than Other Canadians.
D. The Interests Of The Health Care Industry Are At Odds With The Long-
Term Health Of Canadians.
ANSWER: C
, Rationale: Among The Major Issues That Are Not Being Adequately Addressed
By Current Health Policies And Practices Is The Fact That Disadvantaged Groups
Have Significantly Lower Life Expectancy, Poorer Health, And A Higher
Prevalence Of Disability Than The Average Canadian. A Knowledge Deficit,
Underutilization, And The Interests Of The Health Care Industry Are Not Noted
As Core Problems In Canadian Public Health.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 6, A Framework For Health Promotion In
Canada Obj: 3
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
7. Which Client Typifies The Health Problems That Began To Predominate In
Canada During The Late 20th Century?
A. A Young Man Who Incurred A Spinal Cord Injury While Playing Sports
B. An Elementary School Student Who Developed Measles Because She Was
Not Vaccinated
C. An Older Adult Client Who Had Type 2 Diabetes That Resulted In Vascular
And Cardiac Complications
D. A Child Who Was Born Hiv-Positive To A Mother Who Was An
Intravenous Substance User
ANSWER: C
Rationale: During The Late 20th Century, The Effects Of Chronic Conditions
Such As Diabetes Began To Overshadow Other Health Problems Such As
Communicable Diseases And Injuries.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 7, A Framework For Health Promotion In
Canada Obj: 2
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
8. Which Statement Best Captures The Concept Of Population Health?
A. Population Health Is The Median Life Expectancy Within A Defined Group
Of People.
B. Population Health Is Citizens’ Subjective Perceptions Of Their Physical,
Mental, And Spiritual Well-Being.
C. Population Health Is The Health Status Of A Group Of Individuals
That Is Considered As A Whole, Coherent Unit.
D. Population Health Is The Relative Risk Of Premature Death That Exists
Within A Specified Group Of Residents.
, ANSWER: C
Rationale: Population Health Focuses On The Health Status Of Populations,
Which Are Conceptualized As Coherent Entities That Are Not Simply The Sum
Of Individuals. Components And Considerations Include Measures Such As Life
Expectancy And Health Risks, But The Concept Supersedes These Finite
Indicators.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 12, Population
Health
Obj: 6 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
9. A Tobacco Educator Is Working With A Group Of Adults Who Have A History Of
Cigarette Smoking. The Group Comprises Immigrants To Canada From An
Ethnic Group Whose Members Have A Smoking Rate Higher Than That Of The
Canadian Population As A Whole. Which Determinant Of Health Does Not Have
A Significant Impact On The Group Members’ Tobacco Use?
A. Culture
B. Social Environment
C. Personal Health Practices
D. Physical
Environment ANSWER:
D
Rationale: The Influence Of Client’s Culture, Social Environment (Peers), And
Personal Health Practices Can Be Seen As Factors That Affect His Tobacco Use.
The Client’s Physical Environment Does Not Have A Clear And Direct Bearing On
This Health Behaviour.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 12, Population
Health
Obj: 5
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
10. A Community Health Worker Is Collaborating With Educators And School
Administrators To Spearhead A New Program For Elementary Students That
Aims To Prevent Children From Beginning To Smoke In Junior High. This
Effort Most Clearly Exemplifies What Element Of The Population Health
Approach?
A. Focusing On The Health Of Populations
B. Addressing The Determinants Of Health
C. Increasing Accountability For Health Outcomes
D. Investing
Upstream ANSWER:
, D
Rationale: Investing Upstream Means Directing Attention At The Root Causes
Of Illness And Injury, Rather Than At The Symptoms That Are Evident.
Influencing Tobacco Use Before It Begins Is An Example Of Such Upstream
Thinking. This Does Not Preclude A Focus On The Health Of Populations,
Consideration Of The Determinants Of Health, Or Increased Accountability, But
The Structure And Timeline Of The Program Is A Clear Example Of Investing
Upstream.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 13, Population
Health
Obj: 6 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
11. Which Action Best Demonstrates The Element Of Collaboration In The
Population Health Approach?
A. A Community Health Worker Liaises With Municipal Leaders And Social
Services Representatives During The Planning Of A Program.
B. A Community Health Worker Adopts A Multidisciplinary Approach To
The Provision Of Care In A Community.
C. A Community Health Worker Forms A Committee Of Fellow Community
Health Workers When Weighing The Costs And Benefits Of A Proposed
Program.
D. A Community Health Worker Consults Published Evidence When Planning
An Intervention And Integrates The Evidence Into Practice.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Collaboration Is The Active Engagement Between And Across Levels
And Sectors. It Is Not Synonymous With Multidisciplinary Care Or Evidence-
Based Practice.
Pts: 1 Dif: Difficult Ref: Page And Header: 14, Population
Health
Obj: 6 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
12. Knowing That Health Is A Result Of A Complex Interplay Among Numerous
Factors, The Community Health Worker Is Careful To Make A Distinction
Between Risk Factors And Risk Conditions. What Factor Would Be Considered A
Risk Condition?
A. A Community Hospital Has Been Closed Due To Budgetary Pressures
And Consolidation With A Larger, More Distant Hospital.
B. The Community’s Alcohol Purchases Have Increased To Very High Levels
Since The Loss Of A Key Employer In The Community Several Months Ago.
C. A Group Of Local Middle-Aged Factory Workers Have Avoided Going To
Their Primary Care Providers For The Past 4 Years For The Fear Of Digital
Rectal Examinations.
, D. A Group Of Women Attending A Community Centre Art Class Has Been
Encouraged To Increase Their Activity Level But Most Women Continue To
Maintain A Sedentary Lifestyle.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Risk Conditions, On The Other Hand, Are General Circumstances
Over Which People Have Little Or No Control That Are Known To Affect Health
Status. Examples Include The Specific Delivery Of Health Care And Changes
That Have The Potential To Negatively Impact Health. Risk Factors Are
Elements, Often Behaviour Patterns, That Tend To Dispose People To Poorer
Health And Are Modifiable Through Strategies That Create Individual Behaviour
Change.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 15, Population Health Promotion Obj: 6
Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
13. Which Population Group Is Considered To Be The Most Vulnerable In
Canadian Society?
A. The Aboriginal Population
B. People Who Are Homeless
C. Female Lone Parenting Families
D. Children With Chronic
Diseases ANSWER: B
Rationale: People Who Are Homeless Are One Of The Most Vulnerable
Population Groups In Society, Exposed To Multiple Hazards In A Nonsupportive
Environment, Diminishing Their Ability To Stay Healthy Or To Take The
Necessary Steps To Seek The Services They Need To Become Healthy. The
Threats To Health Of The Homeless Population Exceed Those Faced By Nearly
Every Other Group In Canadian Society.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 14, Target Populations Obj: 5
Nat: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction Of Risk Potential
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Remember
14. The Epp Framework (A Framework For Health Promotion) Of 1986 Is
Acknowledged As A Milestone In The Development Of Public Health Policy
In Canada. What Was The Primary Goal In This Framework?
A. Encouraging Canadians To Become More Aware Of International
Health Disparities
, B. Empowering Canadians To Exercise Control Over And Improve Their
Own Health
C. Fostering A Sense Of Pride In The Health Care System That Canadians Created
D. Promoting A Reduction In Known Health Risk
Factors ANSWER: B
Rationale: The Epp Framework Reaffirmed The Who Definition Of Health
Promotion As ―The Process Of Enabling People To Increase Control Over, And
To Improve, Their Health.‖ The Focus Of The Framework Was Not On
International Health Disparities Or Promoting A Sense Of Pride In The Health
Care System. The Framework Went Beyond Narrow Approaches Such As
Reducing Risk Factors.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 6, A Framework For Health Promotion In Canada
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
15. One Of The Key Mechanisms Of Health Promotion Is Self-Care. What Is
An Example Of This Mechanism In Action?
A. A Group Of Construction Workers Choose To Pack Healthy Lunches To
Work Rather Than Buying Fast Food Each Day.
B. A Community Centre Resolves To Increase The Activity Level Of The
Children By Purchasing Outdoor Toys.
C. A School Participates In A Regional Tobacco Prevention Campaign.
D. The Leadership Of A Church Organizes A Drop-In Exercise Program
For Parishioners.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Self-Care Refers To The Decisions Made And The Behaviours
Practised By Individuals Specifically For The Preservation Of Health. Decisions
Made In Order To Benefit Others Can Improve Public Health But They Are Not
Considered To Be Self-Care.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 7, A Framework For Health Promotion In Canada
Obj: 3 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
16. Which Is An Example Of A Limitation Of The 1974 Lalonde Report (A
New Perspectives On The Health Of Canadians)?
A. Blaming Victims If They Got Sick Or Injured
B. Not Addressing The Social Conditions That Affect Health
C. An Overemphasis On Lifestyle
, D. Focus Of Attention On Sectors Other Than
Health ANSWER: A
Rationale: Lalonde’s Approach Was Directed Primarily Toward Individuals
Taking Control Of Their Health, And If People Got Sick Or Injured It Was
Assumed They Had Not Carried Out Recommended Health Behaviours (Or Did
Not Do Them Enough).
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 5, The Lalonde Report Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
17. One Of The Modes Of Collaboration Is Horizontal. What Activity Best
Demonstrates Collaboration In Action?
A. A Public Health Clinical Specialist Partnering With The Board Of Education
And Health Canada To Develop Recommendations For Gender-Safe Schools
B. A School Nurse, Environmental Health Officer, And A Teacher
Engaged Together In A Head Lice Program In A Local Elementary
School
C. A Sexual Health Nurse, The Head Of The Boys And Girls Club, And The
Chief Of Police Working On A Bullying Prevention Program For Transgendered
High School Students
D. A Medical Officer Of A Health Region Partnering With A Provincial
Pharmacy Association And Public Health Agency To Develop Guidelines For
Influenza Immunization
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Horizontal Collaboration Is When Partnerships Are Formed At The
Same Level. The Other Examples Have Different Jurisdictions In Policy And
Enforcement And Are Therefore Examples Of Vertical Collaboration.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 4, Introduction
Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
18. The Declaration Of Alma-Ata Placed The Greatest Emphasis On:
A. Prevention.
B. Expertise-Driven Programs.
C. Low-Technology Options.
D. Social Justice.
ANSWER: D
Canadian Community As Partner: Theory &
Multidisciplinary Practice
, Chapter 1, Population Health Promotion: Essentials and
Essence Of Practice
1. The 20th Century Saw Numerous Improvements In The Health Status Of People
In The Developed World. This Was Primarily Attributable To What
Phenomenon?
A. Steady Declines In The Rate Of Tobacco Consumption
B. The Development Of Vaccines Against Many Communicable Diseases
C. Eradication Of Microorganisms Responsible For Infectious Diseases
D. Government Policies That Prioritized Health Promotion Over
Disease Treatment
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Health Status Gains In The Developed World During The 20th
Century Were A Result Of (1) Advances In Knowledge About The Causes Of
Disease, (2) Development Of New Technologies And Pharmaceuticals To Treat
And Cure Many Diseases, (3) Creation Of Vaccines And Environmental
Solutions To Prevent Disease Transmission And Acquisition, And (4)
Innovations In Surveillance Techniques To Measure Health Status.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy Ref: Page And Header: 3, Introduction
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
2. What Document Is Recognized As Laying The Foundation For The Transition
In The Focus Of Canadian Health Policy From Disease To Health?
A. The Ottawa Charter For Health Promotion
B. The Epp Framework (A Framework For Health Promotion)
C. The Who Declaration Of Alma-Ata
D. The Lalonde Report (A New Perspectives On The Health Of
Canadians) ANSWER: D
Rationale: The Publication In 1974 Of The Lalonde Report (A New Perspective
On The Health Of Canadians) Heralded A Change In The Focus Of Health On
Disease To A Focus On Health. The Ottawa Charter, The Who Declaration, And
The Epp Framework Were Each Subsequent To The Lalonde Report.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 5, The Lalonde Report Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
,3. The Lalonde Report Of 1974 Is Recognized As One Of The Seminal
Publications That Has Shaped The Character And Direction Of Public Health
Policy In Canada. What Change In Policy Is Attributed To The Lalonde
Report?
A. A Shift From Collective Responsibility For The Health Of Canadians
To An Individual Focus
B. A Change In Focus From The Treatment Of Illness To The Promotion Of Health
C. A Change From Private Funding For Health To A Combination Of Provincial
And Federal Funding
D. A Recognition Of The Importance Of Determinants Of
Health ANSWER: B
Rationale: The Lalonde Report Is Credited With Initiating A Change In The
Policy From A Focus On Disease To A Focus On Health. The Report Did Not
Promote A Change In Funding, A Change To Individual Responsibility, Or A
Formal Recognition Of The Determinants Of Health.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 5, The Lalonde Report Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
4. The Publication Of The World Health Organization’s Declaration Of Alma-Ata
Is Acknowledged To Be A Key Event In The Development Of Contemporary
Public Health Policy. The Declaration Prioritized:
A. Collaboration Among Individuals And Health Care Providers To Impact
Health Decisions.
B. Increased Funding For The Education Of Nurses, Physicians, And Allied
Health Workers In Member Nations.
C. Cooperation Between Developed Nations And Developing Nations To
Eradicate Global Health Inequities.
D. The Removal Of Class-Based Barriers To Health Decision Making.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Declaration Of Alma-Ata Called For Health Providers To Work
With People To Assist Them In Making Decisions About Their Health And How
To Meet Health Challenges In Ways That Are Affordable, Acceptable, And
Sustainable In The Long Term. It Did Not Specifically Prioritize Education
Funding, International Cooperation, Or The Removal Of Class-Based Barriers
To Health.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 5, Declaration Of Alma-Ata Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
, Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
5. A Public Health Worker Is Participating In The Creation Of A Health Promotion
Initiative That Aims To Address Many Of The Poor Health Outcomes In A
City’s Homeless Population. The Success Or Failure Of This Initiative Is Likely
To Depend On What Factor?
A. Accessibility And The Perceived Credibility Of The Planned Initiative
B. The Provision Of Incentives And Immediate Benefits For Participants In
The Program
C. Providing Safe And Supportive Housing For Homeless People
Before Addressing Their Health Needs
D. Redressing The Disparities Based On Gender, Socioeconomic Status,
And Education
ANSWER: A
Rationale: The Declaration Of Alma-Ata Called For Health Providers To Work
With People To Assist Them In Making Decisions About Their Health And How
To Meet Health Challenges In Ways That Are Affordable, Acceptable, And
Sustainable In The Long Term. In Facing The Health Challenges Posed By
Homelessness, It Is Imperative That Programs, Policies, And Interventions
Ensure Accessibility By The Members Of This Population. As Well, It Is
Necessary To Present Initiatives In A Way That Promotes Their Credibility.
Short-Term Benefits Are Not A Prerequisite And The Resolution Of Disparities
And Lack Of Housing Need Not Precede Health Promotion.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 5, Declaration Of Alma-Ata Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
6. Which Issue Is Recognized As Being Inadequately Addressed By Current
Canadian Health Policy?
A. Canadians Are Not Aware Of The Impact That Their Behaviours Have On
Their Health Status.
B. Utilization Of The Health Care System Is Insufficient To Ensure The
Health Of The Population.
C. Members Of Disadvantaged Groups Are Less Healthy Than Other Canadians.
D. The Interests Of The Health Care Industry Are At Odds With The Long-
Term Health Of Canadians.
ANSWER: C
, Rationale: Among The Major Issues That Are Not Being Adequately Addressed
By Current Health Policies And Practices Is The Fact That Disadvantaged Groups
Have Significantly Lower Life Expectancy, Poorer Health, And A Higher
Prevalence Of Disability Than The Average Canadian. A Knowledge Deficit,
Underutilization, And The Interests Of The Health Care Industry Are Not Noted
As Core Problems In Canadian Public Health.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 6, A Framework For Health Promotion In
Canada Obj: 3
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
7. Which Client Typifies The Health Problems That Began To Predominate In
Canada During The Late 20th Century?
A. A Young Man Who Incurred A Spinal Cord Injury While Playing Sports
B. An Elementary School Student Who Developed Measles Because She Was
Not Vaccinated
C. An Older Adult Client Who Had Type 2 Diabetes That Resulted In Vascular
And Cardiac Complications
D. A Child Who Was Born Hiv-Positive To A Mother Who Was An
Intravenous Substance User
ANSWER: C
Rationale: During The Late 20th Century, The Effects Of Chronic Conditions
Such As Diabetes Began To Overshadow Other Health Problems Such As
Communicable Diseases And Injuries.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 7, A Framework For Health Promotion In
Canada Obj: 2
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
8. Which Statement Best Captures The Concept Of Population Health?
A. Population Health Is The Median Life Expectancy Within A Defined Group
Of People.
B. Population Health Is Citizens’ Subjective Perceptions Of Their Physical,
Mental, And Spiritual Well-Being.
C. Population Health Is The Health Status Of A Group Of Individuals
That Is Considered As A Whole, Coherent Unit.
D. Population Health Is The Relative Risk Of Premature Death That Exists
Within A Specified Group Of Residents.
, ANSWER: C
Rationale: Population Health Focuses On The Health Status Of Populations,
Which Are Conceptualized As Coherent Entities That Are Not Simply The Sum
Of Individuals. Components And Considerations Include Measures Such As Life
Expectancy And Health Risks, But The Concept Supersedes These Finite
Indicators.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 12, Population
Health
Obj: 6 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
9. A Tobacco Educator Is Working With A Group Of Adults Who Have A History Of
Cigarette Smoking. The Group Comprises Immigrants To Canada From An
Ethnic Group Whose Members Have A Smoking Rate Higher Than That Of The
Canadian Population As A Whole. Which Determinant Of Health Does Not Have
A Significant Impact On The Group Members’ Tobacco Use?
A. Culture
B. Social Environment
C. Personal Health Practices
D. Physical
Environment ANSWER:
D
Rationale: The Influence Of Client’s Culture, Social Environment (Peers), And
Personal Health Practices Can Be Seen As Factors That Affect His Tobacco Use.
The Client’s Physical Environment Does Not Have A Clear And Direct Bearing On
This Health Behaviour.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 12, Population
Health
Obj: 5
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Apply
10. A Community Health Worker Is Collaborating With Educators And School
Administrators To Spearhead A New Program For Elementary Students That
Aims To Prevent Children From Beginning To Smoke In Junior High. This
Effort Most Clearly Exemplifies What Element Of The Population Health
Approach?
A. Focusing On The Health Of Populations
B. Addressing The Determinants Of Health
C. Increasing Accountability For Health Outcomes
D. Investing
Upstream ANSWER:
, D
Rationale: Investing Upstream Means Directing Attention At The Root Causes
Of Illness And Injury, Rather Than At The Symptoms That Are Evident.
Influencing Tobacco Use Before It Begins Is An Example Of Such Upstream
Thinking. This Does Not Preclude A Focus On The Health Of Populations,
Consideration Of The Determinants Of Health, Or Increased Accountability, But
The Structure And Timeline Of The Program Is A Clear Example Of Investing
Upstream.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 13, Population
Health
Obj: 6 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
11. Which Action Best Demonstrates The Element Of Collaboration In The
Population Health Approach?
A. A Community Health Worker Liaises With Municipal Leaders And Social
Services Representatives During The Planning Of A Program.
B. A Community Health Worker Adopts A Multidisciplinary Approach To
The Provision Of Care In A Community.
C. A Community Health Worker Forms A Committee Of Fellow Community
Health Workers When Weighing The Costs And Benefits Of A Proposed
Program.
D. A Community Health Worker Consults Published Evidence When Planning
An Intervention And Integrates The Evidence Into Practice.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Collaboration Is The Active Engagement Between And Across Levels
And Sectors. It Is Not Synonymous With Multidisciplinary Care Or Evidence-
Based Practice.
Pts: 1 Dif: Difficult Ref: Page And Header: 14, Population
Health
Obj: 6 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
12. Knowing That Health Is A Result Of A Complex Interplay Among Numerous
Factors, The Community Health Worker Is Careful To Make A Distinction
Between Risk Factors And Risk Conditions. What Factor Would Be Considered A
Risk Condition?
A. A Community Hospital Has Been Closed Due To Budgetary Pressures
And Consolidation With A Larger, More Distant Hospital.
B. The Community’s Alcohol Purchases Have Increased To Very High Levels
Since The Loss Of A Key Employer In The Community Several Months Ago.
C. A Group Of Local Middle-Aged Factory Workers Have Avoided Going To
Their Primary Care Providers For The Past 4 Years For The Fear Of Digital
Rectal Examinations.
, D. A Group Of Women Attending A Community Centre Art Class Has Been
Encouraged To Increase Their Activity Level But Most Women Continue To
Maintain A Sedentary Lifestyle.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Risk Conditions, On The Other Hand, Are General Circumstances
Over Which People Have Little Or No Control That Are Known To Affect Health
Status. Examples Include The Specific Delivery Of Health Care And Changes
That Have The Potential To Negatively Impact Health. Risk Factors Are
Elements, Often Behaviour Patterns, That Tend To Dispose People To Poorer
Health And Are Modifiable Through Strategies That Create Individual Behaviour
Change.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 15, Population Health Promotion Obj: 6
Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
13. Which Population Group Is Considered To Be The Most Vulnerable In
Canadian Society?
A. The Aboriginal Population
B. People Who Are Homeless
C. Female Lone Parenting Families
D. Children With Chronic
Diseases ANSWER: B
Rationale: People Who Are Homeless Are One Of The Most Vulnerable
Population Groups In Society, Exposed To Multiple Hazards In A Nonsupportive
Environment, Diminishing Their Ability To Stay Healthy Or To Take The
Necessary Steps To Seek The Services They Need To Become Healthy. The
Threats To Health Of The Homeless Population Exceed Those Faced By Nearly
Every Other Group In Canadian Society.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 14, Target Populations Obj: 5
Nat: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Reduction Of Risk Potential
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Remember
14. The Epp Framework (A Framework For Health Promotion) Of 1986 Is
Acknowledged As A Milestone In The Development Of Public Health Policy
In Canada. What Was The Primary Goal In This Framework?
A. Encouraging Canadians To Become More Aware Of International
Health Disparities
, B. Empowering Canadians To Exercise Control Over And Improve Their
Own Health
C. Fostering A Sense Of Pride In The Health Care System That Canadians Created
D. Promoting A Reduction In Known Health Risk
Factors ANSWER: B
Rationale: The Epp Framework Reaffirmed The Who Definition Of Health
Promotion As ―The Process Of Enabling People To Increase Control Over, And
To Improve, Their Health.‖ The Focus Of The Framework Was Not On
International Health Disparities Or Promoting A Sense Of Pride In The Health
Care System. The Framework Went Beyond Narrow Approaches Such As
Reducing Risk Factors.
Pts: 1 Dif: Easy
Ref: Page And Header: 6, A Framework For Health Promotion In Canada
Obj: 1 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
15. One Of The Key Mechanisms Of Health Promotion Is Self-Care. What Is
An Example Of This Mechanism In Action?
A. A Group Of Construction Workers Choose To Pack Healthy Lunches To
Work Rather Than Buying Fast Food Each Day.
B. A Community Centre Resolves To Increase The Activity Level Of The
Children By Purchasing Outdoor Toys.
C. A School Participates In A Regional Tobacco Prevention Campaign.
D. The Leadership Of A Church Organizes A Drop-In Exercise Program
For Parishioners.
ANSWER: A
Rationale: Self-Care Refers To The Decisions Made And The Behaviours
Practised By Individuals Specifically For The Preservation Of Health. Decisions
Made In Order To Benefit Others Can Improve Public Health But They Are Not
Considered To Be Self-Care.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 7, A Framework For Health Promotion In Canada
Obj: 3 Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
16. Which Is An Example Of A Limitation Of The 1974 Lalonde Report (A
New Perspectives On The Health Of Canadians)?
A. Blaming Victims If They Got Sick Or Injured
B. Not Addressing The Social Conditions That Affect Health
C. An Overemphasis On Lifestyle
, D. Focus Of Attention On Sectors Other Than
Health ANSWER: A
Rationale: Lalonde’s Approach Was Directed Primarily Toward Individuals
Taking Control Of Their Health, And If People Got Sick Or Injured It Was
Assumed They Had Not Carried Out Recommended Health Behaviours (Or Did
Not Do Them Enough).
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate
Ref: Page And Header: 5, The Lalonde Report Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Health Promotion And Maintenance
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Understand
17. One Of The Modes Of Collaboration Is Horizontal. What Activity Best
Demonstrates Collaboration In Action?
A. A Public Health Clinical Specialist Partnering With The Board Of Education
And Health Canada To Develop Recommendations For Gender-Safe Schools
B. A School Nurse, Environmental Health Officer, And A Teacher
Engaged Together In A Head Lice Program In A Local Elementary
School
C. A Sexual Health Nurse, The Head Of The Boys And Girls Club, And The
Chief Of Police Working On A Bullying Prevention Program For Transgendered
High School Students
D. A Medical Officer Of A Health Region Partnering With A Provincial
Pharmacy Association And Public Health Agency To Develop Guidelines For
Influenza Immunization
ANSWER: B
Rationale: Horizontal Collaboration Is When Partnerships Are Formed At The
Same Level. The Other Examples Have Different Jurisdictions In Policy And
Enforcement And Are Therefore Examples Of Vertical Collaboration.
Pts: 1 Dif: Moderate Ref: Page And Header: 4, Introduction
Obj: 1
Nat: Client Needs: Safe And Effective Care Environment: Management Of Care
Top: Chapter 1: Population Health Promotion: Essentials And Essence Of
Practice
Key: Integrated Process: Nursing Process
Blm: Cognitive Level: Analyze
18. The Declaration Of Alma-Ata Placed The Greatest Emphasis On:
A. Prevention.
B. Expertise-Driven Programs.
C. Low-Technology Options.
D. Social Justice.
ANSWER: D
