HOSA Biotechnology Questions 2025/2026 with
100% Correct Solutions
T cell
A lymphocyte (white blood cell) that stimulate the proliferation of B cells and kill
whole cells that are infected. Matures in the thymus.
B cell
A lymphocyte (white blood cell) that produces antibodies that help destroy
pathogens. They present antigens on the surface to attract T cells, proliferate in
response to T cells, and form memory B cells and plasma cells. Matures in bone
marrow.
Antigen
Substance that triggers an the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) when
introduced in the body
Antibody/Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Protein produced by B cells in response to a foreign molecule or invading
microorganism. Binds tightly to the foreign molecule or cell at the epitope,
inactivating it or marking it for destruction by phagocytosis or complement-
induced lysis.
, Macrophage
Phagocyte (white blood cell) that engulfs and removes foreign cells, pathogens,
etc. by phagocytosis (innate immunity) and processes antigens to present them
(acquired immunity).
Innate Immunity
Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a
broad range of pathogens.
Acquired Immunity
Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)
Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. Nonpathogenic strains are used
in BSL 1 labs while toxin producing strains are used in BSL 2 labs. Used in
bacterial transformation.
Chymosin
Enzyme (a peptidase) used in the production of cheese. Used to be obtained from
rennet in a cows stomach.
IgA
100% Correct Solutions
T cell
A lymphocyte (white blood cell) that stimulate the proliferation of B cells and kill
whole cells that are infected. Matures in the thymus.
B cell
A lymphocyte (white blood cell) that produces antibodies that help destroy
pathogens. They present antigens on the surface to attract T cells, proliferate in
response to T cells, and form memory B cells and plasma cells. Matures in bone
marrow.
Antigen
Substance that triggers an the production of antibodies (immunoglobulins) when
introduced in the body
Antibody/Immunoglobulin (Ig)
Protein produced by B cells in response to a foreign molecule or invading
microorganism. Binds tightly to the foreign molecule or cell at the epitope,
inactivating it or marking it for destruction by phagocytosis or complement-
induced lysis.
, Macrophage
Phagocyte (white blood cell) that engulfs and removes foreign cells, pathogens,
etc. by phagocytosis (innate immunity) and processes antigens to present them
(acquired immunity).
Innate Immunity
Immunity that is present before exposure and effective from birth. Responds to a
broad range of pathogens.
Acquired Immunity
Immunity that is present only after exposure and is highly specific.
Escherichia Coli (E. Coli)
Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. Nonpathogenic strains are used
in BSL 1 labs while toxin producing strains are used in BSL 2 labs. Used in
bacterial transformation.
Chymosin
Enzyme (a peptidase) used in the production of cheese. Used to be obtained from
rennet in a cows stomach.
IgA
