Microbiology: Exam 1 – Bachoon Questions and Answers
What is microbiology? - -things you can't see with the naked eye and have to use a
microscope
-what is a virus? - -noncellular (smaller than a cell) an only alive when in a host; all can
cause disease
Ex: cancer, ebola, flu, HIV
-what are all of the cellular organisms? - --bacteria: are all prokaryotes
-protazoa
-fungi
-algae: kills fish
-more prokaryotes on earth than eukaryotes
-describe prokaryotes - --bacteria (cause disease and no ribosomes) and archaea (don't
cause disease and live in intestines)
-have no organelles
-reproduce by binary fission
-cell wall has peptidoglycan
-different shapes: bacillus (rods), coccus (spherical), spiral (corkscrew)
-describe eukaryotes - --nucleus and organelles
-protozoa and algae
-fungi
-plants and animals
-what did robert Hooke do in 1665? - -saw eukaryotic cells and also made up cell theory
-what is cell theory? - -all living things are made up of cells
-what did Anton van Leewenhook do in 1673? - -saw microorganisms (eukaryotes) and
called them animalcules (bacteria)
-What is spontaneous generation? - -make forms of life from non-living things
ex: meat to flies
-what is biogenesis? - -living things only come form other living things
, -what did Redi do? - --helped disprove spontaneous generation
-he did the meat experiment in the jar
-what did lazzare spallengani, and Italian priest, do? - --he also helped disprove
spontaneous generation too
-What did Luis Pasteur do? - -1- he was the real one to disprove spontaneous generation
-using the swan neck flask in 1860
2- came up with pasteurization
-heat things at a low temp. (don't boil) to stop spoilage by killing harmful bacteria
3- provided that a disease in silkworms was caused by protozoa
4- specific microbes cause specific disease
-What did Rudolf Virchow do? - --worked on biogenesis and said living things come form
other living things
-When was the golden age of microbiology? - -1857-1914
-what did Ignaz Semmelwels, a Hungarian physician, do In 1840? - --said that hand
washing was important
-what did Lister do in 1860? - --applied germ theory to the medical field
-started treating surgical wounds with phenol
-reduced death from surgery
-what did Robert Kock do in 1876? - --discovered the cause of anthrax
-discovered that microbes caused disease
-saw it was killing cattle and sheep
-started using agar to grow bacteria on solidifying agent
-who is Angela Hesses? - -made agar
-who is J.Petri? - -made Petri dishes
-what was the kock experiment? - -1- in dead cattle blood: found rod shaped bacteria
called bacillus: anthracis
2-he cultured the bacteria
3-injected healthy rabbits with bacteria
4- when rabbits died- isolate the same bacteria
What is microbiology? - -things you can't see with the naked eye and have to use a
microscope
-what is a virus? - -noncellular (smaller than a cell) an only alive when in a host; all can
cause disease
Ex: cancer, ebola, flu, HIV
-what are all of the cellular organisms? - --bacteria: are all prokaryotes
-protazoa
-fungi
-algae: kills fish
-more prokaryotes on earth than eukaryotes
-describe prokaryotes - --bacteria (cause disease and no ribosomes) and archaea (don't
cause disease and live in intestines)
-have no organelles
-reproduce by binary fission
-cell wall has peptidoglycan
-different shapes: bacillus (rods), coccus (spherical), spiral (corkscrew)
-describe eukaryotes - --nucleus and organelles
-protozoa and algae
-fungi
-plants and animals
-what did robert Hooke do in 1665? - -saw eukaryotic cells and also made up cell theory
-what is cell theory? - -all living things are made up of cells
-what did Anton van Leewenhook do in 1673? - -saw microorganisms (eukaryotes) and
called them animalcules (bacteria)
-What is spontaneous generation? - -make forms of life from non-living things
ex: meat to flies
-what is biogenesis? - -living things only come form other living things
, -what did Redi do? - --helped disprove spontaneous generation
-he did the meat experiment in the jar
-what did lazzare spallengani, and Italian priest, do? - --he also helped disprove
spontaneous generation too
-What did Luis Pasteur do? - -1- he was the real one to disprove spontaneous generation
-using the swan neck flask in 1860
2- came up with pasteurization
-heat things at a low temp. (don't boil) to stop spoilage by killing harmful bacteria
3- provided that a disease in silkworms was caused by protozoa
4- specific microbes cause specific disease
-What did Rudolf Virchow do? - --worked on biogenesis and said living things come form
other living things
-When was the golden age of microbiology? - -1857-1914
-what did Ignaz Semmelwels, a Hungarian physician, do In 1840? - --said that hand
washing was important
-what did Lister do in 1860? - --applied germ theory to the medical field
-started treating surgical wounds with phenol
-reduced death from surgery
-what did Robert Kock do in 1876? - --discovered the cause of anthrax
-discovered that microbes caused disease
-saw it was killing cattle and sheep
-started using agar to grow bacteria on solidifying agent
-who is Angela Hesses? - -made agar
-who is J.Petri? - -made Petri dishes
-what was the kock experiment? - -1- in dead cattle blood: found rod shaped bacteria
called bacillus: anthracis
2-he cultured the bacteria
3-injected healthy rabbits with bacteria
4- when rabbits died- isolate the same bacteria
