GCSU Microbiology Test 1 (Bachoon) Exam |
168 Questions and Answers
Microbiology - -the study of living things that individually are too small to be seen with the
naked eye
-Who created the system of nomenclature? - -Carolus Linnaeus (1735)
-genus - -the first name and is always CAPITALIZED
-specific epithet - -follows the genus and is not capitalized
-Prokaryote - -genetic material is not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane.
-Which microorganisms are prokaryotes? - -- bacteria
- archaea
-Eukaryote - -organism's who's cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell's genetic
material (DNA), surrounded by a special envelope called the nuclear membrane.
-Which microorganisms are eukaryotes? - -- fugi
- protozoa
- algae
Although animal parasites are not strictly microorganisms, they are also eukaryotic
-Bacteria (ex. cell type, cell wall, reproduction, and nutrition?) - -- unicellular
- cell walls contain peptidoglycan
- reproduce through binary fission (dividing into 2 equal cells)
- Acquire nutrients through organic chemicals (dead or living), or manufacture their own
by photosynthesis, or can derive nutrition from inorganic substances.
- move via flagella
-Archaea - -- unicellular
- cell walls lack peptidoglycan
- found in extreme environments (methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme
thermophiles)
-Fungi - -- unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (mushrooms)
- chitin in their cell walls
- reproduce sexually or asexually
- obtain nourishment by absorbing solutions of organic material from the environment
-Protozoa - -- unicellular
, - move via pseudopods (aid in motility and phagocytosis), flagella, cillia
- live either as free entities or as parasites (derive nutrients from living hosts) or absorb or
ingest organic compounds from their environment.
- some are photosynthetic (Euglena)
- reproduce sexually or asexually
-Algae - -- unicellular
- cell walls composed of cellulose
- reproduce sexually or asexually
- photosynthesizers (they need light water and carbon dioxide for food and growth but
don't generally require organic compound from the environment)
- produce oxygen and carbohydrates that are utilized by other organisms (play important
role in the balance of nature)
-Viruses - -- acellular (not cellular)
- reproduce only by using cellular machinery of other organisms
- only considered living when they multiply within the host they infect (inert outside living
host)
- contains a core made up of only one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- core surrounded by protein coat, sometimes encased by a lipid membrane (envelope)
-Animal Parasites - -- multicellular
- parasitic worms (flatworms and roundworms "called helminths"
-Robert Hooke - -- 1665
- saw eukaryotic cells, called them "little boxes, or cells"
- observed slices of corks
- his discovery marked the beginning of the cell theory
-Cell Theory - -"all living things are composed of cells"
-Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - -- 1673
- first to observe microorganisms
- called them "animalcules"
-Spontaneous Generation - -"some forms of life can arise spontaneously from nonliving
matter"
-Francesco Redi - -- 1668
- disproved spontaneous generation
- experiment included filling 2 jars with decaying meat, one unsealed and one sealed. Flies
laid eggs on unsealed meat producing maggots.
- 2nd experiment, he covered a jar with fine net so air could get in and still no larvae
appeared
-Biogenesis - -"living cells arise only from pre-existing cells"
168 Questions and Answers
Microbiology - -the study of living things that individually are too small to be seen with the
naked eye
-Who created the system of nomenclature? - -Carolus Linnaeus (1735)
-genus - -the first name and is always CAPITALIZED
-specific epithet - -follows the genus and is not capitalized
-Prokaryote - -genetic material is not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane.
-Which microorganisms are prokaryotes? - -- bacteria
- archaea
-Eukaryote - -organism's who's cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell's genetic
material (DNA), surrounded by a special envelope called the nuclear membrane.
-Which microorganisms are eukaryotes? - -- fugi
- protozoa
- algae
Although animal parasites are not strictly microorganisms, they are also eukaryotic
-Bacteria (ex. cell type, cell wall, reproduction, and nutrition?) - -- unicellular
- cell walls contain peptidoglycan
- reproduce through binary fission (dividing into 2 equal cells)
- Acquire nutrients through organic chemicals (dead or living), or manufacture their own
by photosynthesis, or can derive nutrition from inorganic substances.
- move via flagella
-Archaea - -- unicellular
- cell walls lack peptidoglycan
- found in extreme environments (methanogens, extreme halophiles, extreme
thermophiles)
-Fungi - -- unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (mushrooms)
- chitin in their cell walls
- reproduce sexually or asexually
- obtain nourishment by absorbing solutions of organic material from the environment
-Protozoa - -- unicellular
, - move via pseudopods (aid in motility and phagocytosis), flagella, cillia
- live either as free entities or as parasites (derive nutrients from living hosts) or absorb or
ingest organic compounds from their environment.
- some are photosynthetic (Euglena)
- reproduce sexually or asexually
-Algae - -- unicellular
- cell walls composed of cellulose
- reproduce sexually or asexually
- photosynthesizers (they need light water and carbon dioxide for food and growth but
don't generally require organic compound from the environment)
- produce oxygen and carbohydrates that are utilized by other organisms (play important
role in the balance of nature)
-Viruses - -- acellular (not cellular)
- reproduce only by using cellular machinery of other organisms
- only considered living when they multiply within the host they infect (inert outside living
host)
- contains a core made up of only one type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
- core surrounded by protein coat, sometimes encased by a lipid membrane (envelope)
-Animal Parasites - -- multicellular
- parasitic worms (flatworms and roundworms "called helminths"
-Robert Hooke - -- 1665
- saw eukaryotic cells, called them "little boxes, or cells"
- observed slices of corks
- his discovery marked the beginning of the cell theory
-Cell Theory - -"all living things are composed of cells"
-Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - -- 1673
- first to observe microorganisms
- called them "animalcules"
-Spontaneous Generation - -"some forms of life can arise spontaneously from nonliving
matter"
-Francesco Redi - -- 1668
- disproved spontaneous generation
- experiment included filling 2 jars with decaying meat, one unsealed and one sealed. Flies
laid eggs on unsealed meat producing maggots.
- 2nd experiment, he covered a jar with fine net so air could get in and still no larvae
appeared
-Biogenesis - -"living cells arise only from pre-existing cells"
