APHY 164 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS 2025/2026
what are the 3 essential roles of the nervous system - ANSWER---1. sensing
2. integrating
3. responding
what are the 5 types of glial cells - ANSWER---1. oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath)
2. ependymal cells (line spinal cord)
3. microglia (phagocytosis)
4. astrocytes (blood-brain barrier, nourish neurons)
5. schwann cells (myelin sheath around nerves in PNS)
what are the 3 classes of neurons - ANSWER---1. sensory (afferent)
2. motor (efferent)
3. interneurons (only CNS, connect motor and sensory)
- multipolar (1 axon multiple dendrites, bipolar (2 processes) and unipolar (1
process)
what makes up the structure of a neuron - ANSWER---Soma- cell body, contains
nucleus
Dendrites- recieve signals
Axon- carries signals away
Myelin Sheath- encases axon, lipid
Nodes of Ranvier- gaps in myelin sheath
, APHY 164 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS 2025/2026
Synaptic Knob- end of axon branches (contain nuerotransmitter)
what are the 5 stages of impulse conduction - ANSWER---1. resting potential-
inside - , outside +
2. depolarization- stimulus makes Na enter cells
3. Action Potential- adjacent areas open, more Na enters
4. repolarization- K flows out
5. refractory period- membrane polarized, Na and K are switched, NaK pumps
restore order
- in myelinated fibers AP's occur in nodes of ranvier (saltatory conduction)
what structures make up the spinal cord - ANSWER---Gray Matter- mostly
motor/interneurons, contains posterior (dorsal) and ventral (anterior) horns
- posterior (sensory/into), anterior (motor/away)
White Matter- bundles of axons, myelinated
epidural space and central canal
Meninges- Pia Mater (inner), Arachnoid (mid), and Dura Mater (tough/outer) are
fibrous connective tissue protecting spinal cord
ACCURATE ANSWERS 2025/2026
what are the 3 essential roles of the nervous system - ANSWER---1. sensing
2. integrating
3. responding
what are the 5 types of glial cells - ANSWER---1. oligodendrocytes (myelin sheath)
2. ependymal cells (line spinal cord)
3. microglia (phagocytosis)
4. astrocytes (blood-brain barrier, nourish neurons)
5. schwann cells (myelin sheath around nerves in PNS)
what are the 3 classes of neurons - ANSWER---1. sensory (afferent)
2. motor (efferent)
3. interneurons (only CNS, connect motor and sensory)
- multipolar (1 axon multiple dendrites, bipolar (2 processes) and unipolar (1
process)
what makes up the structure of a neuron - ANSWER---Soma- cell body, contains
nucleus
Dendrites- recieve signals
Axon- carries signals away
Myelin Sheath- encases axon, lipid
Nodes of Ranvier- gaps in myelin sheath
, APHY 164 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ACCURATE ANSWERS 2025/2026
Synaptic Knob- end of axon branches (contain nuerotransmitter)
what are the 5 stages of impulse conduction - ANSWER---1. resting potential-
inside - , outside +
2. depolarization- stimulus makes Na enter cells
3. Action Potential- adjacent areas open, more Na enters
4. repolarization- K flows out
5. refractory period- membrane polarized, Na and K are switched, NaK pumps
restore order
- in myelinated fibers AP's occur in nodes of ranvier (saltatory conduction)
what structures make up the spinal cord - ANSWER---Gray Matter- mostly
motor/interneurons, contains posterior (dorsal) and ventral (anterior) horns
- posterior (sensory/into), anterior (motor/away)
White Matter- bundles of axons, myelinated
epidural space and central canal
Meninges- Pia Mater (inner), Arachnoid (mid), and Dura Mater (tough/outer) are
fibrous connective tissue protecting spinal cord
