Microbiology Test #3 Bachoon Exam |166 Questions and
Answers
Taxonomy - -The science of classifying living things
-T/F: Similar organisms go in the same taxa (kingdom, phylum) - -True
-T/F: As scientist group things, they become interested in phylogeny, or how things evolve
- -True
-Systematics or Phylogeny - -the study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms
-Phylogenetic relationships - -organisms with a common ancestor
-when was prokaryote introduced? - -1937
-Prokaryote - -a cell with no nucleus
-Two types of prokaryotes - -Bacteria and Archaea
-do bacteria and archaea cause disease? - -no
-no peptidoglycan - -Archaea
-live in extreme environments - -Archaea
-Unique metabolic processes (ex: produce methane gas) - -archaea
-Based on 16 S ribosomal DNA sequence, there are three domains that everything on the
planet can be divided into. The Three domains: - -1. Bacteria
2. Archaea/Prokaryotes
3. Eukaryotes
-Domain bacteria - -pathogens & nonpathogens
-contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall - -bacteria
-prokaryote species - -a population of cells with similar characteristics and >70% DNA
homogeneity
-Examples of prokayote species - -Gm-, Gm+,
endospores., flagella
-Thermotoga maritima - -most common, has genes similar to archaea and bacteria
(evolved into the separate types)
, -Endosymbiosis - -prokaryotes gave rise to the mitochondria and chloroplast
-Every organism is given 2 names - -a genus & a species
-there are many species of - -Bacteria
-These descriptions of bacteria are found in - -Bergey's manual
-Bergey's manual helps you - -identify bacteria that you may stain
-Bergey's manual is the - -dichotomous key of microbiology
-Bacteria have - -a species & strain
-Strain - -a collection of cells derived from a single cell
-what is considered a strain - -isolated colonies
-Examples of Strain - -E. coli; pathogenic & nonpathogenic strains
-Prokaryotes cannot be identified based in - -morphological characteristic
-What do we use to identify prokaryotes? - --Metabolic tests (Ex: urease, DNase)o Cell
-wall structures
-Differential staining
-In addition to the source and habitat is considered (throat, soil, stomach)
-Need to identify bacteria quickly so they have - -Rapid ID methods
-similar bacteria have similar - -DNA base composition
-DNA base composition - -
-A common way - -burn the bacteria and examine the GC or AT content
-example of examining GC or AT content - --Species A: 20%, Species B: 50%, Species C:
80%
-As we see, these are not related because they differ by more than 10% [base content]
-GC content is not the best way to classify
-if the bacteria are same - -they will have same sequence
-Viruses have what kind of characteristics to help identify them - -morphological
-a virus is smaller than - -a bacterium
Answers
Taxonomy - -The science of classifying living things
-T/F: Similar organisms go in the same taxa (kingdom, phylum) - -True
-T/F: As scientist group things, they become interested in phylogeny, or how things evolve
- -True
-Systematics or Phylogeny - -the study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms
-Phylogenetic relationships - -organisms with a common ancestor
-when was prokaryote introduced? - -1937
-Prokaryote - -a cell with no nucleus
-Two types of prokaryotes - -Bacteria and Archaea
-do bacteria and archaea cause disease? - -no
-no peptidoglycan - -Archaea
-live in extreme environments - -Archaea
-Unique metabolic processes (ex: produce methane gas) - -archaea
-Based on 16 S ribosomal DNA sequence, there are three domains that everything on the
planet can be divided into. The Three domains: - -1. Bacteria
2. Archaea/Prokaryotes
3. Eukaryotes
-Domain bacteria - -pathogens & nonpathogens
-contain peptidoglycan in their cell wall - -bacteria
-prokaryote species - -a population of cells with similar characteristics and >70% DNA
homogeneity
-Examples of prokayote species - -Gm-, Gm+,
endospores., flagella
-Thermotoga maritima - -most common, has genes similar to archaea and bacteria
(evolved into the separate types)
, -Endosymbiosis - -prokaryotes gave rise to the mitochondria and chloroplast
-Every organism is given 2 names - -a genus & a species
-there are many species of - -Bacteria
-These descriptions of bacteria are found in - -Bergey's manual
-Bergey's manual helps you - -identify bacteria that you may stain
-Bergey's manual is the - -dichotomous key of microbiology
-Bacteria have - -a species & strain
-Strain - -a collection of cells derived from a single cell
-what is considered a strain - -isolated colonies
-Examples of Strain - -E. coli; pathogenic & nonpathogenic strains
-Prokaryotes cannot be identified based in - -morphological characteristic
-What do we use to identify prokaryotes? - --Metabolic tests (Ex: urease, DNase)o Cell
-wall structures
-Differential staining
-In addition to the source and habitat is considered (throat, soil, stomach)
-Need to identify bacteria quickly so they have - -Rapid ID methods
-similar bacteria have similar - -DNA base composition
-DNA base composition - -
-A common way - -burn the bacteria and examine the GC or AT content
-example of examining GC or AT content - --Species A: 20%, Species B: 50%, Species C:
80%
-As we see, these are not related because they differ by more than 10% [base content]
-GC content is not the best way to classify
-if the bacteria are same - -they will have same sequence
-Viruses have what kind of characteristics to help identify them - -morphological
-a virus is smaller than - -a bacterium
