Nutrition Jersey College Final Save
Review
Terms in this set (556)
Atom Basic building block of all matter.
Proton Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.
Neutron Neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.
Electron Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.
Nucleus Center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Electron cloud Region where electrons move around the nucleus.
Unpaired electrons Electrons that do not have a pair.
Superoxide O2 molecule with one unpaired electron.
Atoms/molecules with unpaired electrons, highly
Free radicals
reactive.
Oxygen-containing free radicals, e.g., hydrogen
Reactive oxygen species
peroxide.
Chain reactions Processes where free radicals damage cells.
Free radical detoxifying Enzymes that protect cells from free radicals.
enzymes
Substances that block free radicals from stealing
Antioxidants
electrons.
Superoxide Dismutases Enzymes converting superoxides to hydrogen
(SOD) peroxide and oxygen.
Enzyme converting hydrogen peroxide to water and
Catalase
oxygen.
Enzymes converting hydrogen peroxide to water
Glutathione Peroxidases
and oxygen.
, Water-soluble antioxidants acting in cytosol or
Hydrophilic antioxidants
blood.
Hydrophobic Fat-soluble antioxidants protecting cell membranes.
antioxidants
Glutathione Antioxidant composed of three amino acids.
Uric Acid Metabolic intermediate that disables free radicals.
Fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cellular
Vitamin A
membranes.
Fat-soluble antioxidant preventing glutathione
Vitamin E
depletion.
Water-soluble antioxidant protecting DNA and
Vitamin C
proteins.
Imbalance between free radicals and detoxifying
Oxidative stress
systems.
Vitamin C Water-soluble vitamin essential for immune function.
Ascorbic Acid Chemical name for Vitamin C.
Substance that prevents oxidation of other
Antioxidant
molecules.
Collagen Synthesis Vitamin C is required for collagen production.
Vitamin E Fat-soluble vitamin involved in antioxidant defense.
Cardiovascular disease, linked to vitamin
CVD
deficiencies.
Fat Soluble Vitamins that require fat for absorption.
Vitamin A Essential for vision and immune health.
Retinoids Forms of Vitamin A including retinol and retinal.
Phytochemicals Plant chemicals with antioxidant properties.
Carotenoids Plant pigments aiding vision and heart health.
Plant compounds reducing cardiovascular disease
Flavonoids
risk.
Review
Terms in this set (556)
Atom Basic building block of all matter.
Proton Positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus.
Neutron Neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.
Electron Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.
Nucleus Center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.
Electron cloud Region where electrons move around the nucleus.
Unpaired electrons Electrons that do not have a pair.
Superoxide O2 molecule with one unpaired electron.
Atoms/molecules with unpaired electrons, highly
Free radicals
reactive.
Oxygen-containing free radicals, e.g., hydrogen
Reactive oxygen species
peroxide.
Chain reactions Processes where free radicals damage cells.
Free radical detoxifying Enzymes that protect cells from free radicals.
enzymes
Substances that block free radicals from stealing
Antioxidants
electrons.
Superoxide Dismutases Enzymes converting superoxides to hydrogen
(SOD) peroxide and oxygen.
Enzyme converting hydrogen peroxide to water and
Catalase
oxygen.
Enzymes converting hydrogen peroxide to water
Glutathione Peroxidases
and oxygen.
, Water-soluble antioxidants acting in cytosol or
Hydrophilic antioxidants
blood.
Hydrophobic Fat-soluble antioxidants protecting cell membranes.
antioxidants
Glutathione Antioxidant composed of three amino acids.
Uric Acid Metabolic intermediate that disables free radicals.
Fat-soluble antioxidant protecting cellular
Vitamin A
membranes.
Fat-soluble antioxidant preventing glutathione
Vitamin E
depletion.
Water-soluble antioxidant protecting DNA and
Vitamin C
proteins.
Imbalance between free radicals and detoxifying
Oxidative stress
systems.
Vitamin C Water-soluble vitamin essential for immune function.
Ascorbic Acid Chemical name for Vitamin C.
Substance that prevents oxidation of other
Antioxidant
molecules.
Collagen Synthesis Vitamin C is required for collagen production.
Vitamin E Fat-soluble vitamin involved in antioxidant defense.
Cardiovascular disease, linked to vitamin
CVD
deficiencies.
Fat Soluble Vitamins that require fat for absorption.
Vitamin A Essential for vision and immune health.
Retinoids Forms of Vitamin A including retinol and retinal.
Phytochemicals Plant chemicals with antioxidant properties.
Carotenoids Plant pigments aiding vision and heart health.
Plant compounds reducing cardiovascular disease
Flavonoids
risk.
