History 2201 Practice Guide 2025-2026 Test
1. Beringia land bridge that connected Asia and North America. 19,000-26,000 years ago.
2. Beringia Signifi- At its least inhabitable during the period after the last Ice Age. Animals began
cance crossing it first, Paleoindians followed. Made way for first human contact with NA
3. Lake Agassi About 18,000 years ago, a huge lake covering Manitoba, Western Ontario, and
Northern Minnesota
4. Lake Agassi Sig- There was so much water that land masses under Hudson's Bay are still popping
nificance up and eventually will no longer be there.
5. Paleoindians Followed animals across the bering land bridge about 14,700 years ago.
6. Paleoindians Sig- Moved faster than other groups traveling West. Genetic evidence shows they most
nificance likely moved from Siberia to North America, being the first humans here.
7. Clovis, New Mexi- Evidence in Clovis was the original thought of first human reporting 11,500 years
co / Monte Verde, ago. There is now undisputed evidence from Monte Verde that shows people
Chille 14,500 years ago
8. Kelp Highway another theory regarding how first people came to Americas, lots of kelp along
coast, boats followed the land along west coast - oldest artifacts found there
9. Kelp Highway Kelp was an early feeding opportunity and the the the think kelp forest allowed
Significance for high biodiversity. Allowed humans to start on the West and spread throughout
the continent.
10. Na-Dene Genetic evidence shows a second group from Siberia that arrived, part of the
Na-Dene language that is alive today.
11. Na-Dene Signifi- Shows how people spread across the continent and became culturally and lin-
cance guistically diverse.
12.
, History 2201 Practice Guide 2025-2026 Test
Megafauna Ex- Sometime between 9,000 and 12,000 years ago, 80% of large species were wiped
tinction out including camels, horses, giant beavers, and the mammoth.
13. Megafauna Ex- This hadn't happened in four million years. The obvious suspect was humans but
tinction Signifi- the same thing never happened in Asia. Some blamed climate change but it never
cance happened in other warming periods. Another theory is dogs brought disease
when they came w/ humans.
14. Classifying In- After arrival, ditterent groups dispersed throughout Canada and adapted to
digenous Groups ditterent ways of life depending on where they lived. They'd trade and mate with
each other.
15. NorthWest Lived in the Northwest mountain range, had 19 ditterent languages. Most com-
Coastal plex Indigenous group. Highest population density and largest non-agricultural
society to sustain large populations. Hierarchical.
16. Plateau Situated in interior BC. Relied heavily on salmon as their source of food. Culturally
similar to Plains people. nematic, egalitarian, and non-agricultural.
17. Plains Lived in the open grasslands east of the Rocky Mountains into Western Manitoba
(6,000-9,000 years ago). Situated around communal hunts for buttalo.
18. Northeast (East- From Southern Manitoba to the Maritimes. Hardest group to categorize and the
ern Woodlands) first met by Europeans. They are two groups: Algonquin and Iroquois. Iroquois is
split into the Huron and the Wendat.
19. Subarctic Lived in Labrador to the Northwest Territories. Were the lowest concentrations of
humans for thousands of years. Little social organization and lived below the tree
line.
20. Arctic Lived above the tree-line. It was the last area in Canada to be colonized in Canada
about 4,500 years ago. They have a distinct language due to later migration. They
could have been the product of a collection of dominant cultures succeeding each
other.
, 21. Cultural Geno- Eliminating and ignoring Indigenous governments, rights, treaties, through a
cide process of assimilation, causing Indigenous people to cease to exist as distinct
legal, social, cultural, religious, and racial entities in Canada.
22. Jacques Cartier French explorer tasked to find the riches of the new world. First voyage to
Newfoundland in 1534.
23. Jaques Cartier He had three voyages and stayed two winters up the St. Lawrence river. He traded
Significance and met with Indigenous people. He built a settlement in Montreal. He helped
teach the about Canada such as its harsh climate and lack of riches.
24. Staple Commodi- Two ditterent kinds of fishing that shaped Canada. In shore (British) and bank
ties: Fish fishing (required salt).
25. Staple Commodi- In 1500 there were 10,000 English fishermen on soil every fishing season. By 1610
ties: Fish Signifi- they were attempting to make settlements on shore. This led to British becoming
cance more established on the continent compared to the other empires. Fishing was a
top commodity for two centuries.
26. Staple Commodi- Identified with the early foundation and development of Canada. The fish trade
ties: Fur was European on Canadian soil, but the fur trade made Canada.
27. Staple Commodi- It opened up the continent to do more, and required the help of Indigenous
ties: Fur Signifi- people. By the end of the 1500s it became more important than fishing for two
cance reasons: fashion and the downfall of the European fur trade.
28. Port Royal, NS The first successful European settlement in Canada (1605).
29. Port Royal, NS The French decided it was not a good place to be because it was hard to defend
Significance and there was already British influence on the continent.
30. Sanuel de Cham- Born in West France in 1570, known as an excellent surveyor and cartographer.
plain The founder of New France
1. Beringia land bridge that connected Asia and North America. 19,000-26,000 years ago.
2. Beringia Signifi- At its least inhabitable during the period after the last Ice Age. Animals began
cance crossing it first, Paleoindians followed. Made way for first human contact with NA
3. Lake Agassi About 18,000 years ago, a huge lake covering Manitoba, Western Ontario, and
Northern Minnesota
4. Lake Agassi Sig- There was so much water that land masses under Hudson's Bay are still popping
nificance up and eventually will no longer be there.
5. Paleoindians Followed animals across the bering land bridge about 14,700 years ago.
6. Paleoindians Sig- Moved faster than other groups traveling West. Genetic evidence shows they most
nificance likely moved from Siberia to North America, being the first humans here.
7. Clovis, New Mexi- Evidence in Clovis was the original thought of first human reporting 11,500 years
co / Monte Verde, ago. There is now undisputed evidence from Monte Verde that shows people
Chille 14,500 years ago
8. Kelp Highway another theory regarding how first people came to Americas, lots of kelp along
coast, boats followed the land along west coast - oldest artifacts found there
9. Kelp Highway Kelp was an early feeding opportunity and the the the think kelp forest allowed
Significance for high biodiversity. Allowed humans to start on the West and spread throughout
the continent.
10. Na-Dene Genetic evidence shows a second group from Siberia that arrived, part of the
Na-Dene language that is alive today.
11. Na-Dene Signifi- Shows how people spread across the continent and became culturally and lin-
cance guistically diverse.
12.
, History 2201 Practice Guide 2025-2026 Test
Megafauna Ex- Sometime between 9,000 and 12,000 years ago, 80% of large species were wiped
tinction out including camels, horses, giant beavers, and the mammoth.
13. Megafauna Ex- This hadn't happened in four million years. The obvious suspect was humans but
tinction Signifi- the same thing never happened in Asia. Some blamed climate change but it never
cance happened in other warming periods. Another theory is dogs brought disease
when they came w/ humans.
14. Classifying In- After arrival, ditterent groups dispersed throughout Canada and adapted to
digenous Groups ditterent ways of life depending on where they lived. They'd trade and mate with
each other.
15. NorthWest Lived in the Northwest mountain range, had 19 ditterent languages. Most com-
Coastal plex Indigenous group. Highest population density and largest non-agricultural
society to sustain large populations. Hierarchical.
16. Plateau Situated in interior BC. Relied heavily on salmon as their source of food. Culturally
similar to Plains people. nematic, egalitarian, and non-agricultural.
17. Plains Lived in the open grasslands east of the Rocky Mountains into Western Manitoba
(6,000-9,000 years ago). Situated around communal hunts for buttalo.
18. Northeast (East- From Southern Manitoba to the Maritimes. Hardest group to categorize and the
ern Woodlands) first met by Europeans. They are two groups: Algonquin and Iroquois. Iroquois is
split into the Huron and the Wendat.
19. Subarctic Lived in Labrador to the Northwest Territories. Were the lowest concentrations of
humans for thousands of years. Little social organization and lived below the tree
line.
20. Arctic Lived above the tree-line. It was the last area in Canada to be colonized in Canada
about 4,500 years ago. They have a distinct language due to later migration. They
could have been the product of a collection of dominant cultures succeeding each
other.
, 21. Cultural Geno- Eliminating and ignoring Indigenous governments, rights, treaties, through a
cide process of assimilation, causing Indigenous people to cease to exist as distinct
legal, social, cultural, religious, and racial entities in Canada.
22. Jacques Cartier French explorer tasked to find the riches of the new world. First voyage to
Newfoundland in 1534.
23. Jaques Cartier He had three voyages and stayed two winters up the St. Lawrence river. He traded
Significance and met with Indigenous people. He built a settlement in Montreal. He helped
teach the about Canada such as its harsh climate and lack of riches.
24. Staple Commodi- Two ditterent kinds of fishing that shaped Canada. In shore (British) and bank
ties: Fish fishing (required salt).
25. Staple Commodi- In 1500 there were 10,000 English fishermen on soil every fishing season. By 1610
ties: Fish Signifi- they were attempting to make settlements on shore. This led to British becoming
cance more established on the continent compared to the other empires. Fishing was a
top commodity for two centuries.
26. Staple Commodi- Identified with the early foundation and development of Canada. The fish trade
ties: Fur was European on Canadian soil, but the fur trade made Canada.
27. Staple Commodi- It opened up the continent to do more, and required the help of Indigenous
ties: Fur Signifi- people. By the end of the 1500s it became more important than fishing for two
cance reasons: fashion and the downfall of the European fur trade.
28. Port Royal, NS The first successful European settlement in Canada (1605).
29. Port Royal, NS The French decided it was not a good place to be because it was hard to defend
Significance and there was already British influence on the continent.
30. Sanuel de Cham- Born in West France in 1570, known as an excellent surveyor and cartographer.
plain The founder of New France
