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PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW FOR NURS 231/BOID 331
EXAM LATEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
What can persistent metaplasia lead to?
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
What is the relationship between dysplasia and cancer?
Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
Is Barrett's esophagus an example of dysplasia?
No, Barrett's esophagus is an example of metaplasia.
What is the definition of hypertrophy?
An increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the size of its
cells.
Can hypertrophy occur under normal conditions?
Yes, hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
Is hypertrophy characterized by an increase in the number of cells?
No, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in the size of cells, not the
number of cells.
What is hyperplasia?
An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
What is the effect of an illness on one's life called?
Morbidity.
Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
Mitochondria.
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What role do mitochondria play besides cellular respiration?
They play a role in apoptosis.
What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane?
Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell.
What are microfilaments?
Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures.
What is not true of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton does not contain peroxisomes and proteasomes.
Which substances move across the cell membrane via diffusion?
Oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide.
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
Controls the transport of materials, helps with conduction of electrical currents,
and aids in regulation of cell growth and proliferation.
What is an example of a pathophysiological condition?
High blood pressure.
What are signs and symptoms in a clinical context?
Signs are objective findings (e.g., high blood pressure), while symptoms are
subjective complaints (e.g., chest pain).
What is NOT helpful to clinicians for diagnosis?
Evidence-based practice.
What factors are important when deciding upon a diagnosis?
Age, race, gender, and lifestyle.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1 REVIEW FOR NURS 231/BOID 331
EXAM LATEST VERSION -2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL THE BEST
What can persistent metaplasia lead to?
Persistent metaplasia can lead to dysplasia.
What is the relationship between dysplasia and cancer?
Persistent dysplasia eventually results in cancer.
Is Barrett's esophagus an example of dysplasia?
No, Barrett's esophagus is an example of metaplasia.
What is the definition of hypertrophy?
An increase in the size of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the size of its
cells.
Can hypertrophy occur under normal conditions?
Yes, hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions.
Is hypertrophy characterized by an increase in the number of cells?
No, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in the size of cells, not the
number of cells.
What is hyperplasia?
An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue.
What is the effect of an illness on one's life called?
Morbidity.
Which organelle is involved in cellular respiration?
Mitochondria.
, 2
What role do mitochondria play besides cellular respiration?
They play a role in apoptosis.
What is the function of proteins in the cell membrane?
Proteins carry out the functions of the cell membrane.
What are lysosomes?
Lysosomes are the digestive system of the cell.
What are microfilaments?
Microfilaments are thin, threadlike cytoplasmic structures.
What is not true of the cytoskeleton?
The cytoskeleton does not contain peroxisomes and proteasomes.
Which substances move across the cell membrane via diffusion?
Oxygen, water, and carbon dioxide.
What are the functions of the cell membrane?
Controls the transport of materials, helps with conduction of electrical currents,
and aids in regulation of cell growth and proliferation.
What is an example of a pathophysiological condition?
High blood pressure.
What are signs and symptoms in a clinical context?
Signs are objective findings (e.g., high blood pressure), while symptoms are
subjective complaints (e.g., chest pain).
What is NOT helpful to clinicians for diagnosis?
Evidence-based practice.
What factors are important when deciding upon a diagnosis?
Age, race, gender, and lifestyle.
