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MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM LATEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL
THE BEST
What are the two different classification of fungus?
Molds and yeast--micro
Mushrooms—Macro
Define Micro-
Less than 1mm and cannot see with the naked eye
Need a microscope to see
Microbes, microorganisms, germs, bugs
What generates 1/2 of the O2 that we breathe and would make life impossible
without?
Microbes
What is the smallest simplest single-celled organism?
Bacteria
What is not a cell, can't live by itself and needs to invade a cell?
Virus
What are the 5 groups of microorganisms studied?
Bacteria--most famous
Virus--2nd
Fungus--3rd
Protozoa--some but few
, 2
Algae--not a human pathogen
What is a mostly single-celled organism that is Animal like?
Protozoa
What are parasites?
Different organisms that range from worms, insects and protozoa that need a host
to survive
What are the different applied microbiology fields of study
Immunology
Epidemiology--control spread of disease
Food Micro--relationship between bacteria, food and drink
Agriculture Micro--relationship between bacteria and crop
Industrial Micro--microbes to produce vitamins, AA, Enzymes, etc.
Eukaryotic cells are...
more complete
Prokaryotic cells are...
all micro organisms and lack a nucleus
Characteristics of microorganisms
Small size
Unicellular simplicity
High Growth rate
Adaptability
microscope
instrument used for enlargement of small objects
, 3
simple microscope
single lens and a few working parts. not strong
compound microscope
2 magnifying lenses, a visible light sours, a condenser which collects light to direct
toward the object
magnification
capacity of an optical system to enlarge small objects
ocular lens
one we look through. 10X
objective lens
4 different, 4X, 10X, 40X, 100X
What is resoltion?
Capacity of optical systems to distinguish or separate 2 adjacent objects/points
from each other. represents clarity of image
Types of microscope?
Light--visible light, bright field, dark field, phase contrast, diff interference
Ultraviolet--florescence
Electron--scanning, transmission
what type of microscope do we use in the lab?
bright field light microscope
how does a microscope work?
light source is on the bottom. The light travels from the lamp, hits the condenser
lents which collects light and points it toward the object. the light passes through
the objective lens and the real image of the object forms behind the ocular lens.
, 4
the image we see is the virtual image after it asses through the ocular lens and is
at the total magnification
Highest magnification for all light microscopes?
2,000X and 200 nm resolution
eubacteria
the common bacteria of the 2 types. (-) WITH cell walls, (+) WITH cell walls, and
no cell wall (mycoplasm)
archebacteria
less common type of bacteria. do not produce peptidoglycan and can live in
extreme environments
appendages
attached to bacteria on one side, the other side is "free"
motility appendages
flagella and axial filaments
flagella
for motility and self propulsion. found mostly in gram negative bacteria. provide a
smooth forward movement
structure of flagella
made of protein with 3 distinct parts: filament, hook, basal body (inside and has 4
rings and a rod that rotate)
axial filament
wrap around the cell and cause spiral like movements. has only two parts: a long
thin microfibril inserted into a hook.
attachment appendages
fimbriae and pili
MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM LATEST VERSION -
2025/2026- 100+ QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED ANSWERS ALL
THE BEST
What are the two different classification of fungus?
Molds and yeast--micro
Mushrooms—Macro
Define Micro-
Less than 1mm and cannot see with the naked eye
Need a microscope to see
Microbes, microorganisms, germs, bugs
What generates 1/2 of the O2 that we breathe and would make life impossible
without?
Microbes
What is the smallest simplest single-celled organism?
Bacteria
What is not a cell, can't live by itself and needs to invade a cell?
Virus
What are the 5 groups of microorganisms studied?
Bacteria--most famous
Virus--2nd
Fungus--3rd
Protozoa--some but few
, 2
Algae--not a human pathogen
What is a mostly single-celled organism that is Animal like?
Protozoa
What are parasites?
Different organisms that range from worms, insects and protozoa that need a host
to survive
What are the different applied microbiology fields of study
Immunology
Epidemiology--control spread of disease
Food Micro--relationship between bacteria, food and drink
Agriculture Micro--relationship between bacteria and crop
Industrial Micro--microbes to produce vitamins, AA, Enzymes, etc.
Eukaryotic cells are...
more complete
Prokaryotic cells are...
all micro organisms and lack a nucleus
Characteristics of microorganisms
Small size
Unicellular simplicity
High Growth rate
Adaptability
microscope
instrument used for enlargement of small objects
, 3
simple microscope
single lens and a few working parts. not strong
compound microscope
2 magnifying lenses, a visible light sours, a condenser which collects light to direct
toward the object
magnification
capacity of an optical system to enlarge small objects
ocular lens
one we look through. 10X
objective lens
4 different, 4X, 10X, 40X, 100X
What is resoltion?
Capacity of optical systems to distinguish or separate 2 adjacent objects/points
from each other. represents clarity of image
Types of microscope?
Light--visible light, bright field, dark field, phase contrast, diff interference
Ultraviolet--florescence
Electron--scanning, transmission
what type of microscope do we use in the lab?
bright field light microscope
how does a microscope work?
light source is on the bottom. The light travels from the lamp, hits the condenser
lents which collects light and points it toward the object. the light passes through
the objective lens and the real image of the object forms behind the ocular lens.
, 4
the image we see is the virtual image after it asses through the ocular lens and is
at the total magnification
Highest magnification for all light microscopes?
2,000X and 200 nm resolution
eubacteria
the common bacteria of the 2 types. (-) WITH cell walls, (+) WITH cell walls, and
no cell wall (mycoplasm)
archebacteria
less common type of bacteria. do not produce peptidoglycan and can live in
extreme environments
appendages
attached to bacteria on one side, the other side is "free"
motility appendages
flagella and axial filaments
flagella
for motility and self propulsion. found mostly in gram negative bacteria. provide a
smooth forward movement
structure of flagella
made of protein with 3 distinct parts: filament, hook, basal body (inside and has 4
rings and a rod that rotate)
axial filament
wrap around the cell and cause spiral like movements. has only two parts: a long
thin microfibril inserted into a hook.
attachment appendages
fimbriae and pili
