BIOS 251 Exam 3
What are the main layers of the skin?
The main layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer (hypodermis).
What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?
The epidermis is made up of keratinized stratified epithelium.
What are the accessory structures of the integumentary system?
The accessory structures include sweat glands, oil (sebaceous) glands, hair, and nails.
What are the primary functions of the skin?
The primary functions of the skin include protection, synthesis of Vitamin D, sensation,
thermoregulation, and nonverbal communication.
What is the composition of the epidermis?
The epidermis is comprised of five cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells,
Merkel cells, and the stratum corneum.
What is the difference between thick skin and thin skin?
Thick skin is found on the palms and soles and contains the stratum lucidum; thin skin is found
elsewhere and does not contain this layer.
What is the role of keratinocytes in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes make up 90% of epidermal cells and produce keratin, which toughens and
protects the skin.
, What do melanocytes do?
Melanocytes produce melanin pigment, which protects DNA from UV damage.
What is the function of Langerhans cells?
Langerhans cells mount immune responses to microbes and are easily damaged by UV light.
What is the dermis composed of?
The dermis is composed of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, along with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and cutaneous glands.
What are dermal papillae?
Dermal papillae are projections from the dermis that form grooves called epidermal ridges,
contributing to fingerprints.
What are the two layers of the dermis?
The two layers of the dermis are the papillary layer (superficial) and the reticular layer (deeper).
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?
The subcutaneous layer connects the skin to underlying fascia, provides insulation, and stores
fat.
What is the role of sweat glands in thermoregulation?
Sweat glands release sweat to cool the body through evaporation.
What are the stages of hair growth?
The stages of hair growth are anagen (growth), catagen (transitional), and telogen (resting).
What are the components of hair?
Hair consists of the hair shaft (above skin), hair root (below skin), and hair bulb (end of the
root).
What are the layers of hair?
The layers of hair are the medulla (inner), cortex (middle), and cuticle (outer).
What is the function of nails?
Nails function as tools for grooming and protection for the ends of digits.
What are eccrine sweat glands?
What are the main layers of the skin?
The main layers of the skin are the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer (hypodermis).
What type of epithelium makes up the epidermis?
The epidermis is made up of keratinized stratified epithelium.
What are the accessory structures of the integumentary system?
The accessory structures include sweat glands, oil (sebaceous) glands, hair, and nails.
What are the primary functions of the skin?
The primary functions of the skin include protection, synthesis of Vitamin D, sensation,
thermoregulation, and nonverbal communication.
What is the composition of the epidermis?
The epidermis is comprised of five cell types: keratinocytes, melanocytes, Langerhans cells,
Merkel cells, and the stratum corneum.
What is the difference between thick skin and thin skin?
Thick skin is found on the palms and soles and contains the stratum lucidum; thin skin is found
elsewhere and does not contain this layer.
What is the role of keratinocytes in the epidermis?
Keratinocytes make up 90% of epidermal cells and produce keratin, which toughens and
protects the skin.
, What do melanocytes do?
Melanocytes produce melanin pigment, which protects DNA from UV damage.
What is the function of Langerhans cells?
Langerhans cells mount immune responses to microbes and are easily damaged by UV light.
What is the dermis composed of?
The dermis is composed of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers, along with blood vessels, nerve
endings, and cutaneous glands.
What are dermal papillae?
Dermal papillae are projections from the dermis that form grooves called epidermal ridges,
contributing to fingerprints.
What are the two layers of the dermis?
The two layers of the dermis are the papillary layer (superficial) and the reticular layer (deeper).
What is the function of the subcutaneous layer (hypodermis)?
The subcutaneous layer connects the skin to underlying fascia, provides insulation, and stores
fat.
What is the role of sweat glands in thermoregulation?
Sweat glands release sweat to cool the body through evaporation.
What are the stages of hair growth?
The stages of hair growth are anagen (growth), catagen (transitional), and telogen (resting).
What are the components of hair?
Hair consists of the hair shaft (above skin), hair root (below skin), and hair bulb (end of the
root).
What are the layers of hair?
The layers of hair are the medulla (inner), cortex (middle), and cuticle (outer).
What is the function of nails?
Nails function as tools for grooming and protection for the ends of digits.
What are eccrine sweat glands?
