WGU D017 SCHOOL LAW EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ALL ANSWERS CORRECT
Common School Movement - ANSWER 1837 Horace Mann
Paved the way for putting kids in school (not just the wealthy). Children of
manufacturer parents were put into classroom to make them into civil members
of society. "Non-politicized and nondenominational" but had a very clear
undertone of protestant republicans in the books and curriculum.
Common Law - ANSWER Parents choose whether, how, and where to educate
their students.
Compulsory Attendance - ANSWER State legislated mandates for attendance
in public schools, and when broken, parents were responsible and could be
sentenced to jail and fines. Paved the way for permanent records, welfare
visitations, school health, and vaccine mandates.
Compulsory Attendance Act - ANSWER 1852 First law requiring students 8-
14 to attend school. The intent was to remove children from factories (child lab
law later).
parens patriae - ANSWER the state as parent; the state as guardian and
protector of all citizens (such as juveniles) who cannot protect themselves
National Defense EducationAct (NDEA) - ANSWER 1957 Passed in response
to Sputnik and provided an opportunity for college for all students. It allocated
funds to upgrade science, foreign language, guidance services, and teaching
innovation programs. The government felt we as a people were behind, and the
NDEA was made in response to fill that gap.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) - ANSWER 1965 - Provided
federal funding for primary and secondary education and was meant to improve
the education of poor people. This was the first federal program to fund
education. It is updated (and usually renamed) every 5 years to meet the needs
to schools such as professional development, instructional needs, and resources.
,A Nation at Risk - ANSWER 1983 National Commission report calling for
extensive educational reforms, including more academic course requirements,
more stringent college entrance requirements, upgraded and updated textbooks,
and longer school days and year.
Improving America's Schools Act - ANSWER Clinton's 1994 reauthorization
of the ESEA. Supported schools in moving all children toward higher academic
standards.
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) - ANSWER A U.S. law enacted in 2001 by
George W. Bush that was intended to increase accountability in education by
requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding by administering
standardized tests to measure school achievement.
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - ANSWER 2015 The most recent
reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA),
replaced NCLB. Provides federal education funding and sets official federal
education policy with specific requirements related to instruction, assessment,
accountability, and other educational issues.
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANSWER Plessy was on a train in the white section and
refused to move, he argued that the two train cars were not equal. A 1896
Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the
facilities for blacks and whites were allowed and not unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education - ANSWER 1954 - Brown was transported to a
black school far from her house when there was a school closer to home that
offered the same education (white school). The Supreme Court overruled Plessy
v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal
and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Public School - ANSWER free schools funded through taxes and is subject to
all federal and state laws
Private School - ANSWER A school that is privately owned and does not rely
on government money to operate. This school is funded by grants, donations,
and student tuition and is not subject to state or federal laws.
, Charter School - ANSWER Public schools that have been given the autonomy
to establish their own curricula and teaching practices. They are funded through
taxes as well as donations and are subject to some federal laws and all state
laws.
Role of state government in Schools - ANSWER holds primary responsibility
of education; can exercise authority over the local school board
Role of federal government in schools - ANSWER provides funding and
enforces constitutional rights
Primary Sources of Law - ANSWER Are created by the 3 branches of the US
government and occur at the federal, state, and district/school level. Primary
sources are defined as the law itself and include the constitution, statutes,
regulations, and common law.
Judicial System - ANSWER State versus federal courts
State courts can take all cases involving any question while federal courts can
only take cases involving federal constitutional or statutory questions or when
parties are from different states.
14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause - ANSWER Declares that all
persons born in the. US are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the
laws. This specific clause has been used in cases of combatting discrimination.
Separate but Equal Doctrine - ANSWER the doctrine established in Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in
separate but equal facilities (despite the obviousness of them not being equal:
Jim Crow Laws).
De jour vs. de facto - ANSWER De jour=south; actually written in law
Example: states keeping black students out of white schools (unconstitutional
segregation).
De facto=north; practiced but not written in law
AND ALL ANSWERS CORRECT
Common School Movement - ANSWER 1837 Horace Mann
Paved the way for putting kids in school (not just the wealthy). Children of
manufacturer parents were put into classroom to make them into civil members
of society. "Non-politicized and nondenominational" but had a very clear
undertone of protestant republicans in the books and curriculum.
Common Law - ANSWER Parents choose whether, how, and where to educate
their students.
Compulsory Attendance - ANSWER State legislated mandates for attendance
in public schools, and when broken, parents were responsible and could be
sentenced to jail and fines. Paved the way for permanent records, welfare
visitations, school health, and vaccine mandates.
Compulsory Attendance Act - ANSWER 1852 First law requiring students 8-
14 to attend school. The intent was to remove children from factories (child lab
law later).
parens patriae - ANSWER the state as parent; the state as guardian and
protector of all citizens (such as juveniles) who cannot protect themselves
National Defense EducationAct (NDEA) - ANSWER 1957 Passed in response
to Sputnik and provided an opportunity for college for all students. It allocated
funds to upgrade science, foreign language, guidance services, and teaching
innovation programs. The government felt we as a people were behind, and the
NDEA was made in response to fill that gap.
Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) - ANSWER 1965 - Provided
federal funding for primary and secondary education and was meant to improve
the education of poor people. This was the first federal program to fund
education. It is updated (and usually renamed) every 5 years to meet the needs
to schools such as professional development, instructional needs, and resources.
,A Nation at Risk - ANSWER 1983 National Commission report calling for
extensive educational reforms, including more academic course requirements,
more stringent college entrance requirements, upgraded and updated textbooks,
and longer school days and year.
Improving America's Schools Act - ANSWER Clinton's 1994 reauthorization
of the ESEA. Supported schools in moving all children toward higher academic
standards.
No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) - ANSWER A U.S. law enacted in 2001 by
George W. Bush that was intended to increase accountability in education by
requiring states to qualify for federal educational funding by administering
standardized tests to measure school achievement.
Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) - ANSWER 2015 The most recent
reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA),
replaced NCLB. Provides federal education funding and sets official federal
education policy with specific requirements related to instruction, assessment,
accountability, and other educational issues.
Plessy v. Ferguson - ANSWER Plessy was on a train in the white section and
refused to move, he argued that the two train cars were not equal. A 1896
Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the
facilities for blacks and whites were allowed and not unconstitutional.
Brown v. Board of Education - ANSWER 1954 - Brown was transported to a
black school far from her house when there was a school closer to home that
offered the same education (white school). The Supreme Court overruled Plessy
v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal
and ordered all public schools desegregated.
Public School - ANSWER free schools funded through taxes and is subject to
all federal and state laws
Private School - ANSWER A school that is privately owned and does not rely
on government money to operate. This school is funded by grants, donations,
and student tuition and is not subject to state or federal laws.
, Charter School - ANSWER Public schools that have been given the autonomy
to establish their own curricula and teaching practices. They are funded through
taxes as well as donations and are subject to some federal laws and all state
laws.
Role of state government in Schools - ANSWER holds primary responsibility
of education; can exercise authority over the local school board
Role of federal government in schools - ANSWER provides funding and
enforces constitutional rights
Primary Sources of Law - ANSWER Are created by the 3 branches of the US
government and occur at the federal, state, and district/school level. Primary
sources are defined as the law itself and include the constitution, statutes,
regulations, and common law.
Judicial System - ANSWER State versus federal courts
State courts can take all cases involving any question while federal courts can
only take cases involving federal constitutional or statutory questions or when
parties are from different states.
14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause - ANSWER Declares that all
persons born in the. US are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the
laws. This specific clause has been used in cases of combatting discrimination.
Separate but Equal Doctrine - ANSWER the doctrine established in Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896) that African Americans could constitutionally be kept in
separate but equal facilities (despite the obviousness of them not being equal:
Jim Crow Laws).
De jour vs. de facto - ANSWER De jour=south; actually written in law
Example: states keeping black students out of white schools (unconstitutional
segregation).
De facto=north; practiced but not written in law
