Pathology Exam 1 2026 Questions and
Answers
stressors to cells? (7) - Correct answer-1. ischemia
2. infectious disease
3. immune rxns
4. genetic factors
5. nutritional factors
6. physical factors
7. chemical factors
reversing cell injury depends on? (6) - Correct answer-1. type, severity and
duration of injury
2. adaptive processes of the cell
3. type of cell
4. level of differentiation
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,5. modifying factors
6. nutritional state
ischemia? - Correct answer-lack of blood flow
these are responsible for the vast majority of infections? (2) - Correct answer-1.
bacteria
2. viruses
mechanisms of infectious diseases depends on ability to? (3) - Correct answer-1.
invade and destroy cells
2. produce toxins that cause cell lysis
3. produce hypersensitivity rxns
bacteria releases these _____ that cause cell lysis? - Correct answer-1. endotoxins
when microorganisms or their toxins are present in blood? - Correct answer-sepsis
Viruses kill cells by these two mechanisms? - Correct answer-1. direct cytopathic
effect (RNA viruses)
1. indirect cytopathic effect (DNA viruses)
viruses use this mechanism to:
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, disturb the cellular processes of the nucleus and/or plasma membrane. Virally
encoded proteins become inserted in the membrane, altering permeability. - Correct
answer-Direct cytopathic effect (RNA viruses)
viruses use this mechanism to integrate themselves into cellular genome producing
foreign proteins? - Correct answer-indirect cytopathic effect (DNA viruses)
mechanisms by which the immune system can lead to cell injury or death? (3) -
Correct answer-1. antibody attachment
2. complement activation
3. activation of imflammatory cells
normally the immune system fights against disease, but can sometimes become
overzealous and can lead to? - Correct answer-hypersensitivity reactions
allergens have a high level of this? - Correct answer-antibody (IgE)
genetic factors can lead to cell injury/death by these 3 means? - Correct answer-1.
alterations of structure and number of chromosomes
2. single mutations of genes causing changes in the amount function of proteins
3. multiple gene mutations that can interact with environmental factors
how do nutritional imbalances result in cell stresses?
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Answers
stressors to cells? (7) - Correct answer-1. ischemia
2. infectious disease
3. immune rxns
4. genetic factors
5. nutritional factors
6. physical factors
7. chemical factors
reversing cell injury depends on? (6) - Correct answer-1. type, severity and
duration of injury
2. adaptive processes of the cell
3. type of cell
4. level of differentiation
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
,5. modifying factors
6. nutritional state
ischemia? - Correct answer-lack of blood flow
these are responsible for the vast majority of infections? (2) - Correct answer-1.
bacteria
2. viruses
mechanisms of infectious diseases depends on ability to? (3) - Correct answer-1.
invade and destroy cells
2. produce toxins that cause cell lysis
3. produce hypersensitivity rxns
bacteria releases these _____ that cause cell lysis? - Correct answer-1. endotoxins
when microorganisms or their toxins are present in blood? - Correct answer-sepsis
Viruses kill cells by these two mechanisms? - Correct answer-1. direct cytopathic
effect (RNA viruses)
1. indirect cytopathic effect (DNA viruses)
viruses use this mechanism to:
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
, disturb the cellular processes of the nucleus and/or plasma membrane. Virally
encoded proteins become inserted in the membrane, altering permeability. - Correct
answer-Direct cytopathic effect (RNA viruses)
viruses use this mechanism to integrate themselves into cellular genome producing
foreign proteins? - Correct answer-indirect cytopathic effect (DNA viruses)
mechanisms by which the immune system can lead to cell injury or death? (3) -
Correct answer-1. antibody attachment
2. complement activation
3. activation of imflammatory cells
normally the immune system fights against disease, but can sometimes become
overzealous and can lead to? - Correct answer-hypersensitivity reactions
allergens have a high level of this? - Correct answer-antibody (IgE)
genetic factors can lead to cell injury/death by these 3 means? - Correct answer-1.
alterations of structure and number of chromosomes
2. single mutations of genes causing changes in the amount function of proteins
3. multiple gene mutations that can interact with environmental factors
how do nutritional imbalances result in cell stresses?
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