AMEDD RC-BASIC OFFICER LEADER
COURSE PHASE 1 MODULE D EXAM
LATEST QUESTIONS ALREADY
ANSWERED A GRADED
Satellites enable the Army Warfighter the ability to... - ans-*Maneuver* and *Attack* with
great precision (GPS), *Communicate* across the globe (SATCOM), *Collect*
information throughout AOR (ISR), and see the battlefield (FFT)
Emerging Adversary Capabilities imply that future Army engagements will face the
potential for operations in a... - ans-Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space
Operational Environment (*D3SOE*)
What is SATCOM? - ans-Satellite Communications is the use of satellites to provide
beyond line of sight communications for voice and data.
Provides:
•Supports all Army Warfighting Functions
•Beyond line of sight voice and data communications
•Reduces Fratricide and increased Command and Control Situational Awareness (e.g.
Joint Force Tracking)
What is FFT? - ans-The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and
movement of friendly forces.
BCT Space Enabled Equipment - ans-Over 3200 pieces of BCT equipment are GPS
enabled.
Over 300 pieces of
BCT equipment are SATCOM enabled.
COIN vs LSCO - ans-COIN (counter insurgency)
-uncontested space = space supremacy
-one CP (command post) (DMAIN) ~ 1300-1500 personnel
-fixed command post, stable networks, fiber optic, significant SATCO bandwidth
LSCO (large scale combat operations)
,-contested space = space parity
-two + CPs (DMAIN, DTAC, "Rear") ~ 800 PAX
-mobile command post, mobile networks, no fiber optic, only organic tactical SATCOM
bandwidth
-*more space challenges*
Identify Capabilities of Space Enabled Equipment - ans-•Positioning, Navigation, and
Timing (GPS)
•Satellite Communications (SATCOM)
•Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)
The Global Positioning System satellite constellation - ans--Minimum of 24 satellites
with multiple spares
-Operating altitude of 12,500 miles above Earth
-Very weak signal - equivalent to light bulb 12,500 miles in space
-Each satellite orbits the Earth twice a day
-Each GPS receiver requires line of sight to at least 4 satellites (four unknowns =
latitude, longitude, altitude, receiver clock bias)
-In most places on the Earth, between 8-11 satellites are in view at any given time
GPS Mitigation TTPs - ans-*Encrypt your GPS receivers (e.g. DAGR)*
-Receive 2 GPS Signals
-More resistant to adversary jamming
-The DAGR screen reflects "JAMMING DETECTED"
*Block the jamming signal using different means:*
-Terrain (hills, mountains, valleys, etc.)
-Vehicles
-Buildings
-Your body
*Maintain skills in traditional navigation methods*
-Map and Compass
-Distance and Direction
-Dead Reckoning
-Terrain Association
*Develop Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency Plan*
-P: DAGR with COMSEC loaded
-A: JCR
-C: Map and Compass
-E: Terrain Association
SATCOM Mitigation - ans-*Trouble shoot equipment. Additionally:*
-Ensure your terminal has line of sight to the communication satellite
-Weather factors may affect satellite communications (Staff Weather Officer, S6,S2)
,*Understand the tactical situation (S2 IPB) to determine if there is an enemy jamming
threat to your communications*
*Report interference in accordance with unit SOP (S6, EWO, S2)*
*Be prepared to operate without SATCOM*
-Line of sight radios, use of re-trans systems, couriers
-Operating independently within your Commander's "intent"
-Develop a P.A.C.E. Plan
ISR - ans-*Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance*
*Many ISR missions are conducted from Space*
-This includes multiple types of imagery and signals collection
-Both U.S. Government systems and commercial companies contribute to the ISR
efforts
-Your S2 is the unit POC to both access and exploit data collected by these ISR
satellites
*Benefits of space-based ISR*
-Collects in denied areas of the world where aircraft and ground intelligence cannot
access
-A variety of satellite sensors can collect against many different types of targets
-The imagery from commercial satellites can be excellent for tactical unit planning and
can normally be released to coalition partners
-Space ISR assists the *S2* with "All Source" intelligence
Limitations of Space Capabilities - ans-*Physics*
-Satellites are always in motion, and can not "park" or stop their movement while
operating close to the Earth
*Terrestrial Environment*
-weather (clouds, rain, wind, etc.) can negatively affect satellite missions such as ISR
and SATCOM
*Solar environment*
-The sun and atmosphere can negatively affect GPS and certain types of SATCOM
*Enemy actions*
-Our adversaries can create a Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space Operational
Environment (D3SOE)
Identify Space Linkages to Warfighter Functions - ans-•Space Support to the Warfighter
- Army is supported by space all the way down to the individual soldier; at least 2
satellite receivers per US soldier on battlefield
, •Space Linkages to the Warfighter - The primary space capabilities that have a linkage
to the tactical army are SATCOM, PNT (GPS), and ISR; these 3 support all of our Army
Warfighting Functions (movement/maneuver, fires, intelligence, mission command,
protections, sustainment)
Infantry Squad Reliance On Space - ans-Iridium Next Constellation, and GPS
Constellation:
-Distributed Tactical Coms System (DTCS) "Netted Iridium"
-Smart phone (nett warrior)
US Leased Commercial Imaging Satellites:
-Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR)
-hardcopy maps (satellite imagery)
Search and Rescue (SAR) Satellites:
-Personal Locator Beacon (PLB)
Space linkage to warfighting functions - SATCOM - ans-Movement and maneuver:
long distance unit synchronization
Fires:
effectively and timely targeting
Intelligence:
reach back to higher level intel
Mission command:
long distance C2 (command and control)
Protections:
timely warning
Sustainment:
pull/push logistics
Space linkage to warfighting functions - positioning, navigation, and timing (GPS) - ans-
Movement and maneuver:
accurate navigation - timely situation awareness
Fires:
precision targeting and tracking
Intelligence:
accurate ISR
Mission command:
COURSE PHASE 1 MODULE D EXAM
LATEST QUESTIONS ALREADY
ANSWERED A GRADED
Satellites enable the Army Warfighter the ability to... - ans-*Maneuver* and *Attack* with
great precision (GPS), *Communicate* across the globe (SATCOM), *Collect*
information throughout AOR (ISR), and see the battlefield (FFT)
Emerging Adversary Capabilities imply that future Army engagements will face the
potential for operations in a... - ans-Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space
Operational Environment (*D3SOE*)
What is SATCOM? - ans-Satellite Communications is the use of satellites to provide
beyond line of sight communications for voice and data.
Provides:
•Supports all Army Warfighting Functions
•Beyond line of sight voice and data communications
•Reduces Fratricide and increased Command and Control Situational Awareness (e.g.
Joint Force Tracking)
What is FFT? - ans-The process of fixing, observing, and reporting the location and
movement of friendly forces.
BCT Space Enabled Equipment - ans-Over 3200 pieces of BCT equipment are GPS
enabled.
Over 300 pieces of
BCT equipment are SATCOM enabled.
COIN vs LSCO - ans-COIN (counter insurgency)
-uncontested space = space supremacy
-one CP (command post) (DMAIN) ~ 1300-1500 personnel
-fixed command post, stable networks, fiber optic, significant SATCO bandwidth
LSCO (large scale combat operations)
,-contested space = space parity
-two + CPs (DMAIN, DTAC, "Rear") ~ 800 PAX
-mobile command post, mobile networks, no fiber optic, only organic tactical SATCOM
bandwidth
-*more space challenges*
Identify Capabilities of Space Enabled Equipment - ans-•Positioning, Navigation, and
Timing (GPS)
•Satellite Communications (SATCOM)
•Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR)
The Global Positioning System satellite constellation - ans--Minimum of 24 satellites
with multiple spares
-Operating altitude of 12,500 miles above Earth
-Very weak signal - equivalent to light bulb 12,500 miles in space
-Each satellite orbits the Earth twice a day
-Each GPS receiver requires line of sight to at least 4 satellites (four unknowns =
latitude, longitude, altitude, receiver clock bias)
-In most places on the Earth, between 8-11 satellites are in view at any given time
GPS Mitigation TTPs - ans-*Encrypt your GPS receivers (e.g. DAGR)*
-Receive 2 GPS Signals
-More resistant to adversary jamming
-The DAGR screen reflects "JAMMING DETECTED"
*Block the jamming signal using different means:*
-Terrain (hills, mountains, valleys, etc.)
-Vehicles
-Buildings
-Your body
*Maintain skills in traditional navigation methods*
-Map and Compass
-Distance and Direction
-Dead Reckoning
-Terrain Association
*Develop Primary, Alternate, Contingency, Emergency Plan*
-P: DAGR with COMSEC loaded
-A: JCR
-C: Map and Compass
-E: Terrain Association
SATCOM Mitigation - ans-*Trouble shoot equipment. Additionally:*
-Ensure your terminal has line of sight to the communication satellite
-Weather factors may affect satellite communications (Staff Weather Officer, S6,S2)
,*Understand the tactical situation (S2 IPB) to determine if there is an enemy jamming
threat to your communications*
*Report interference in accordance with unit SOP (S6, EWO, S2)*
*Be prepared to operate without SATCOM*
-Line of sight radios, use of re-trans systems, couriers
-Operating independently within your Commander's "intent"
-Develop a P.A.C.E. Plan
ISR - ans-*Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance*
*Many ISR missions are conducted from Space*
-This includes multiple types of imagery and signals collection
-Both U.S. Government systems and commercial companies contribute to the ISR
efforts
-Your S2 is the unit POC to both access and exploit data collected by these ISR
satellites
*Benefits of space-based ISR*
-Collects in denied areas of the world where aircraft and ground intelligence cannot
access
-A variety of satellite sensors can collect against many different types of targets
-The imagery from commercial satellites can be excellent for tactical unit planning and
can normally be released to coalition partners
-Space ISR assists the *S2* with "All Source" intelligence
Limitations of Space Capabilities - ans-*Physics*
-Satellites are always in motion, and can not "park" or stop their movement while
operating close to the Earth
*Terrestrial Environment*
-weather (clouds, rain, wind, etc.) can negatively affect satellite missions such as ISR
and SATCOM
*Solar environment*
-The sun and atmosphere can negatively affect GPS and certain types of SATCOM
*Enemy actions*
-Our adversaries can create a Denied, Degraded, and Disrupted Space Operational
Environment (D3SOE)
Identify Space Linkages to Warfighter Functions - ans-•Space Support to the Warfighter
- Army is supported by space all the way down to the individual soldier; at least 2
satellite receivers per US soldier on battlefield
, •Space Linkages to the Warfighter - The primary space capabilities that have a linkage
to the tactical army are SATCOM, PNT (GPS), and ISR; these 3 support all of our Army
Warfighting Functions (movement/maneuver, fires, intelligence, mission command,
protections, sustainment)
Infantry Squad Reliance On Space - ans-Iridium Next Constellation, and GPS
Constellation:
-Distributed Tactical Coms System (DTCS) "Netted Iridium"
-Smart phone (nett warrior)
US Leased Commercial Imaging Satellites:
-Defense Advanced GPS Receiver (DAGR)
-hardcopy maps (satellite imagery)
Search and Rescue (SAR) Satellites:
-Personal Locator Beacon (PLB)
Space linkage to warfighting functions - SATCOM - ans-Movement and maneuver:
long distance unit synchronization
Fires:
effectively and timely targeting
Intelligence:
reach back to higher level intel
Mission command:
long distance C2 (command and control)
Protections:
timely warning
Sustainment:
pull/push logistics
Space linkage to warfighting functions - positioning, navigation, and timing (GPS) - ans-
Movement and maneuver:
accurate navigation - timely situation awareness
Fires:
precision targeting and tracking
Intelligence:
accurate ISR
Mission command:
