Nurs 356 Exam 2 NEWEST VERSION | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS \2025-2026
human needs
psychological theories
life course or personality development theories
maslow- self-actualization- thought to be in fully mature people
human needs with traits of
autonomy, creativity, independence, positive
interpersonal relationships, and more thought
question- can a dependent person be self-actualized
erikson- ego integrity vs. despair
life course or personality
done through life review, results in
development theories
wisdom if successful what happens if
not successful?
as nurses apply psychological theories ot care they can dispel many
of the myths/stereotypes about being old and ageism
nurses can understand why the elder is talking about retirement,
worrying about living space, and planning a funeral
importance of physiological not morbid! just doing the specific developmental tasks in that stage
theories of life
recent theory that suggests aging entails a transition from a
rational, materialistic, metaperspective to a cosmic and
transcendent vision
less concerned with physical body, material possessions,
theory of gerotranscendence meaningless relationships, self interests and instead focus on a life
of more significance and greater connection with others
, genetic, environmental (physical and social), activity
similarities in long-lived through life, moderate alcohol intake, sexual activity
healthy people- into old age, low animal fat diet
multifactored others: laughter, daily routine, belief in God, low/high
ambitions, family freedom, independence, and
positive outlook
involves physical health, mental health, functional
status, social and economic living situation,
comprehensive gerontologic
environmental safety
nursing assessment 1. interrelation between physical and psychosocial aspects of
agining
2. effects of disease/disability on functional status
3. tailoring nursing assessment to the older person
comprehensive medical h&p, medication list (Rx + OTC), nutritional
gerontologic nursing status, vision and hearing, ambulation and mobility,
assessment- physical health maintenance
health
comprehensive cognitive, affective, signs or symptoms of
gerontologic nursing depression or dementia standardized tools
assessment- mental available
health
comprehensive ADLs/IADLs- standardized tools available
gerontologic nursing
assessment-
functional status
comprehensive gerontologic financial and social resources, recent changes, status
nursing losses, advance directives, DPOAHC (durable
assessment- social and
power of attorney for health care), living wills, etc
economic living situation
comprehensive accessibility of transportation- home visits may be needed
gerontologic nursing
assessment-
environmental safety
sleep disorders
problems with eating
or feeding
SPICES
incontinence
, confusion
evidence of
falls skin
breakdown
diet high in fats and sugars
deficiencies can lead to weight loss, low serum albumin/pre
poor nutrition indicators and
albumin levels, anemia, hypocholesterolemia,
assessment
lymphocytopenia, muscle wasting, edema, poor wound
healing- pressure ulcers, lethargy, dehydrationq
skin, hair, nails- loss of skin elasticity with fat loss,
integumentary system pigment changes, thinning of hair and nails
thinner subq fat area and epidermis
thymus involution (shrinking)
immune system t-cell function decreases
(senescence) less efficient
thermoregulatory system
decreased accommodation of
eyes
near/far vision increased
sensitivity to glare
ears loss of acuity for high frequency tones, thickening of tympanic
membrane
, taste diminished due to fewer taste buds
smell diminished
touch decreased skin receptors
proprioception decreased awareness of body positioning in space
(repositioning)
decreased cough reflex, decreased cilia, increased anterior
respiratory posterior chest
diameter, increased chest wall rigidity, fewer alveoli,
increased airway resistance, increase risk of
respiratory infection
thickening of blood vessels, narrowing of vessel lumen,
loss of vessel elasticity lower cardiac output
cardiovascular decreased number of heart muscle fibers, decreased
elasticity of heart valves, baroreceptor activity,
efficiency of venous valves, peripheral circulation
increased pulmonary vascular tension, systolic BP
decrease in saliva, gastric secretions,
pancreatic enzymes decrease
gastrointestinal
peristalsis, gastric atrophy, increase
stomach pH loss of smooth muscle
in stomach
hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, impaired rectal
sensation
fewer nephrons, 50% decrease in renal blood flow by
age 80, decreased bladder capacity
genitourinary
male enlargement of
prostate female,
reduced sphincter tone
decrease muscle mass and strength
decalcification of bones, degenerative joint changes,
musculoskeletal
dehydration of intervertebral discs
fat tissue increases
degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in
neurological
neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of conduction of
impulses
males- sperm count diminishes, small testes, erections
reproduction less firm and slow to develop female- decrease
estrogen production, degeneration of ovaries, atrophy
of vagina, uterus, breasts
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ |
LATEST EXAM | VERIFIED ANSWERS \2025-2026
human needs
psychological theories
life course or personality development theories
maslow- self-actualization- thought to be in fully mature people
human needs with traits of
autonomy, creativity, independence, positive
interpersonal relationships, and more thought
question- can a dependent person be self-actualized
erikson- ego integrity vs. despair
life course or personality
done through life review, results in
development theories
wisdom if successful what happens if
not successful?
as nurses apply psychological theories ot care they can dispel many
of the myths/stereotypes about being old and ageism
nurses can understand why the elder is talking about retirement,
worrying about living space, and planning a funeral
importance of physiological not morbid! just doing the specific developmental tasks in that stage
theories of life
recent theory that suggests aging entails a transition from a
rational, materialistic, metaperspective to a cosmic and
transcendent vision
less concerned with physical body, material possessions,
theory of gerotranscendence meaningless relationships, self interests and instead focus on a life
of more significance and greater connection with others
, genetic, environmental (physical and social), activity
similarities in long-lived through life, moderate alcohol intake, sexual activity
healthy people- into old age, low animal fat diet
multifactored others: laughter, daily routine, belief in God, low/high
ambitions, family freedom, independence, and
positive outlook
involves physical health, mental health, functional
status, social and economic living situation,
comprehensive gerontologic
environmental safety
nursing assessment 1. interrelation between physical and psychosocial aspects of
agining
2. effects of disease/disability on functional status
3. tailoring nursing assessment to the older person
comprehensive medical h&p, medication list (Rx + OTC), nutritional
gerontologic nursing status, vision and hearing, ambulation and mobility,
assessment- physical health maintenance
health
comprehensive cognitive, affective, signs or symptoms of
gerontologic nursing depression or dementia standardized tools
assessment- mental available
health
comprehensive ADLs/IADLs- standardized tools available
gerontologic nursing
assessment-
functional status
comprehensive gerontologic financial and social resources, recent changes, status
nursing losses, advance directives, DPOAHC (durable
assessment- social and
power of attorney for health care), living wills, etc
economic living situation
comprehensive accessibility of transportation- home visits may be needed
gerontologic nursing
assessment-
environmental safety
sleep disorders
problems with eating
or feeding
SPICES
incontinence
, confusion
evidence of
falls skin
breakdown
diet high in fats and sugars
deficiencies can lead to weight loss, low serum albumin/pre
poor nutrition indicators and
albumin levels, anemia, hypocholesterolemia,
assessment
lymphocytopenia, muscle wasting, edema, poor wound
healing- pressure ulcers, lethargy, dehydrationq
skin, hair, nails- loss of skin elasticity with fat loss,
integumentary system pigment changes, thinning of hair and nails
thinner subq fat area and epidermis
thymus involution (shrinking)
immune system t-cell function decreases
(senescence) less efficient
thermoregulatory system
decreased accommodation of
eyes
near/far vision increased
sensitivity to glare
ears loss of acuity for high frequency tones, thickening of tympanic
membrane
, taste diminished due to fewer taste buds
smell diminished
touch decreased skin receptors
proprioception decreased awareness of body positioning in space
(repositioning)
decreased cough reflex, decreased cilia, increased anterior
respiratory posterior chest
diameter, increased chest wall rigidity, fewer alveoli,
increased airway resistance, increase risk of
respiratory infection
thickening of blood vessels, narrowing of vessel lumen,
loss of vessel elasticity lower cardiac output
cardiovascular decreased number of heart muscle fibers, decreased
elasticity of heart valves, baroreceptor activity,
efficiency of venous valves, peripheral circulation
increased pulmonary vascular tension, systolic BP
decrease in saliva, gastric secretions,
pancreatic enzymes decrease
gastrointestinal
peristalsis, gastric atrophy, increase
stomach pH loss of smooth muscle
in stomach
hemorrhoids, anal fissures, rectal prolapse, impaired rectal
sensation
fewer nephrons, 50% decrease in renal blood flow by
age 80, decreased bladder capacity
genitourinary
male enlargement of
prostate female,
reduced sphincter tone
decrease muscle mass and strength
decalcification of bones, degenerative joint changes,
musculoskeletal
dehydration of intervertebral discs
fat tissue increases
degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in
neurological
neurotransmitters, decrease in rate of conduction of
impulses
males- sperm count diminishes, small testes, erections
reproduction less firm and slow to develop female- decrease
estrogen production, degeneration of ovaries, atrophy
of vagina, uterus, breasts
