MIBO 3500 UGA Grainy Test 3 MOSTLY TESTED QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT
SOLUTIONS/GRADE A+
The need for investigations into microbial disease mechanism have been heightened by
Ans: emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, and threats of bioterrorism
the human body teams up with _________ that are mostly ______ and some are ______ to their host
Ans: microbial hitchhikers, harmless, beneficial
the human body is constantly under attack from
Ans: microbial invaders
what are the colonizing microbes in our body called
Ans: the human microbiome
what are the members of the microbiome called
Ans: commensals
Why do we need our microbiome?
Ans: -develop our postnatal gut and immune system
-providing nutrients
,- protect against colonization of pathogens
if commensals are introduced into the wrong location in the body they become
Ans: opportunistic pathogens
Where on the body has the largest amount of bacteria?
Ans: the skin and intestine
What is different about c section babies in terms of microbiome?
Ans: they are lacking a certain commensal in their gut and instead contain hospital opportunistic
pathogens that limits their immune system development
Commensal microbes ______ the host
Ans: benefit
What can alter gut microbiome balance?
Ans: stress, diet, or antibiotics
How does the gut-brain axis work?
Ans: -Gut microbes produce large amounts of neurotransmitter seratonin which affects the signaling of
the brain
-The intestinal microbiome produce cytokines which influence the brain
- Microbes produce metabolites that affect the blood brain barrier
Immune System
, Ans: an integrated system of organs, tissues, and cells that can differentiate self from nonself to
neutralize pathogenic threats
What are the two types of immunity?
Ans: nonadaptive (innate) and adaptive
what are the characteristics of innate immunity
Ans: barrier to infection, nonspecific response to invaders, and present at birth
what are the characteristics of adaptive immunity
Ans: react to specific antigens, retains memory of the antigens, provides and stronger and quicker
response the second time
what is the blood composed of?
Ans: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
what are the cells of the immune system?
Ans: white blood cells that are formed by differentiation of stem cells in the bone marrow
Innate immunity WBCs
Ans: - neutrophils and monocytes- phagocytosis
-basophils and eosinophils- release toxins to microbes
- natural killer cells- destroy infected host cells and cancer cells
How does phagocytosis work?
Ans: 1. Bacteria binds to the surface of the phagocytosis cell
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS| 100% CORRECT
SOLUTIONS/GRADE A+
The need for investigations into microbial disease mechanism have been heightened by
Ans: emergence of new pathogens, increasing drug resistance, and threats of bioterrorism
the human body teams up with _________ that are mostly ______ and some are ______ to their host
Ans: microbial hitchhikers, harmless, beneficial
the human body is constantly under attack from
Ans: microbial invaders
what are the colonizing microbes in our body called
Ans: the human microbiome
what are the members of the microbiome called
Ans: commensals
Why do we need our microbiome?
Ans: -develop our postnatal gut and immune system
-providing nutrients
,- protect against colonization of pathogens
if commensals are introduced into the wrong location in the body they become
Ans: opportunistic pathogens
Where on the body has the largest amount of bacteria?
Ans: the skin and intestine
What is different about c section babies in terms of microbiome?
Ans: they are lacking a certain commensal in their gut and instead contain hospital opportunistic
pathogens that limits their immune system development
Commensal microbes ______ the host
Ans: benefit
What can alter gut microbiome balance?
Ans: stress, diet, or antibiotics
How does the gut-brain axis work?
Ans: -Gut microbes produce large amounts of neurotransmitter seratonin which affects the signaling of
the brain
-The intestinal microbiome produce cytokines which influence the brain
- Microbes produce metabolites that affect the blood brain barrier
Immune System
, Ans: an integrated system of organs, tissues, and cells that can differentiate self from nonself to
neutralize pathogenic threats
What are the two types of immunity?
Ans: nonadaptive (innate) and adaptive
what are the characteristics of innate immunity
Ans: barrier to infection, nonspecific response to invaders, and present at birth
what are the characteristics of adaptive immunity
Ans: react to specific antigens, retains memory of the antigens, provides and stronger and quicker
response the second time
what is the blood composed of?
Ans: white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
what are the cells of the immune system?
Ans: white blood cells that are formed by differentiation of stem cells in the bone marrow
Innate immunity WBCs
Ans: - neutrophils and monocytes- phagocytosis
-basophils and eosinophils- release toxins to microbes
- natural killer cells- destroy infected host cells and cancer cells
How does phagocytosis work?
Ans: 1. Bacteria binds to the surface of the phagocytosis cell
