BRAINSCAPE1
ENT 101 midterm 1 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
insect represent what percent of all known species - CORRECT ANSWER-over
50%
vertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER-have an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) with
vertebrae arranged into a spinal column
invertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER-no vertebrae (no internal support structure)
they have support outside their body (exoskeleton)
two functions of the vertebral column - CORRECT ANSWER-1. provides support
against gravity
2. allows for large body sizes
vertebrate animals (5) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. amphibians
2. fish
3. reptiles
4. birds
5. mammals
more than 90% of all species are what - CORRECT ANSWER-invertebrates
most recognized species of invertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER-arthropods
arthron - CORRECT ANSWER-joint
podos - CORRECT ANSWER-feet
arthropod means what - CORRECT ANSWER-jointed appendages
two functions of jointed appendages - CORRECT ANSWER-1. locomotion
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
2. modified for different structures (antennae, mouth parts, reproductive
structures)
how many known species of arthropods are there - CORRECT ANSWER-about 1.2
million
arthropods include what groups (6) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. crabs
2. lobsters
3. spiders
4. scorpion
5. millipedes
6. centipedes
7. insects
5 characteristics of arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-1. bilateral symmetry
2. segmented bodies
3. ventral nerve cords
4. dorsal blood vessels
5. exoskeletons
bilateral symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER-split along the anterior-posterior axis
(forming a single plane of symmetry, separating into left and right sides)
jellyfish almost have perfect of what type of symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER-
radial
3 main body axis - CORRECT ANSWER-1. dorsal/ventral
2. anterior/posterior
3. lateral
dorsal ventral axis - CORRECT ANSWER-from top to bottom
anterior posterior axis - CORRECT ANSWER-from front to back
lateral axis - CORRECT ANSWER-from one side to another
segmented body - CORRECT ANSWER-fused into regions/tagmata with different
biological functions
ventral nerve cord of arthropods is not enclosed in what - CORRECT ANSWER-a
protective spinal column
what type of nerve cord do humans have - CORRECT ANSWER-dorsal
what kind of circulatory system do humans have - CORRECT ANSWER-closed
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
open circulatory system of arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-don't have a
network of blood vessels, they have a single dorsal blood vessel with large
openings at either end
in arthropods, tissues are directly exposed to what - CORRECT ANSWER-blood
exoskeleton two features - CORRECT ANSWER-hard and flexible
exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of what - CORRECT ANSWER-cuticle and
epidermis
exoskeleton cuticle is made up of which two things - CORRECT ANSWER-chitin
and protein
3 layers of the exoskeleton cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER-1. waxy epicuticle
2. exocuticle
3. endocuticle
exocuticle is hardened by what - CORRECT ANSWER-tanning
endocuticle features - CORRECT ANSWER-unhardened and stretchy
epidermis of exoskeleton lies where - CORRECT ANSWER-below the endocuticle
basement membrane of exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-thin tissue under
epidermis (separating it form the body cavity)
5 functions of the exoskeleton of arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-1. protects
from damage
2. reduces water loss
3. site for muscle attachment
4. barrier against microorganisms
5. supports internal organs
which part of the exoskeleton reduces water loss - CORRECT ANSWER-the
epicuticle
which part of the exoskeleton acts as a barrier against microorganisms -
CORRECT ANSWER-epicuticle
tanning in exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-a crosslinking of proteins in the
chitin protein matrix (sclerotization)
tanning in exoskeleton can be achieved how - CORRECT ANSWER-by
mineralization
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
disadvantage of exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-limits growth (so they must
moult to grow)
all arthropods must do what to grow - CORRECT ANSWER-moult
moult - CORRECT ANSWER-shedding of exoskeleton regulated by hormones
4 steps of moulting - CORRECT ANSWER-1. apolysis
2. break down of endocuticle layer
3. new cuticle formed
4. ecydisis
apolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-the separation of the old cuticle from the
underlying epidermal cells
apolysis is stimulated by what - CORRECT ANSWER-ecdysteroid moulting
hormones release from prothoracic glands
apolysis creates a new space under the old cuticle for what - CORRECT
ANSWER-for the flow of digestive fluids
what breaksdown the endocuticle layer of the exoskeleton into metabolites -
CORRECT ANSWER-the enzymes in the digestive fluid becoming activated
how is the new cuticle formed - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolites are reabsorbed
by the epidermal cells and used to form it
ecdysis - CORRECT ANSWER-the old cuticle is cast off
new cuticle after moulting will be what - CORRECT ANSWER-pale and soft
what does the arthropod do to make their bodies bigger before the new cuticle
hardens - CORRECT ANSWER-they contract muscles to increase internal fluid
pressures
the new body size can be even more increased if the arthropod does what -
CORRECT ANSWER-swallows air or water to inflate the gut
arthropods are extremely vulnerable to what before the new exoskeleton hardens
- CORRECT ANSWER-predation and dessication
first arthropods appeared when - CORRECT ANSWER-during the cambrian period
(>520 mya)
who were the most successful ancient arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-trilobites
trilobites survived until when - CORRECT ANSWER-the end of the permian period
BRAINSCAPE1
ENT 101 midterm 1 Exam with
complete solutions latest version
insect represent what percent of all known species - CORRECT ANSWER-over
50%
vertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER-have an internal skeleton (endoskeleton) with
vertebrae arranged into a spinal column
invertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER-no vertebrae (no internal support structure)
they have support outside their body (exoskeleton)
two functions of the vertebral column - CORRECT ANSWER-1. provides support
against gravity
2. allows for large body sizes
vertebrate animals (5) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. amphibians
2. fish
3. reptiles
4. birds
5. mammals
more than 90% of all species are what - CORRECT ANSWER-invertebrates
most recognized species of invertebrates - CORRECT ANSWER-arthropods
arthron - CORRECT ANSWER-joint
podos - CORRECT ANSWER-feet
arthropod means what - CORRECT ANSWER-jointed appendages
two functions of jointed appendages - CORRECT ANSWER-1. locomotion
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
2. modified for different structures (antennae, mouth parts, reproductive
structures)
how many known species of arthropods are there - CORRECT ANSWER-about 1.2
million
arthropods include what groups (6) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. crabs
2. lobsters
3. spiders
4. scorpion
5. millipedes
6. centipedes
7. insects
5 characteristics of arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-1. bilateral symmetry
2. segmented bodies
3. ventral nerve cords
4. dorsal blood vessels
5. exoskeletons
bilateral symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER-split along the anterior-posterior axis
(forming a single plane of symmetry, separating into left and right sides)
jellyfish almost have perfect of what type of symmetry - CORRECT ANSWER-
radial
3 main body axis - CORRECT ANSWER-1. dorsal/ventral
2. anterior/posterior
3. lateral
dorsal ventral axis - CORRECT ANSWER-from top to bottom
anterior posterior axis - CORRECT ANSWER-from front to back
lateral axis - CORRECT ANSWER-from one side to another
segmented body - CORRECT ANSWER-fused into regions/tagmata with different
biological functions
ventral nerve cord of arthropods is not enclosed in what - CORRECT ANSWER-a
protective spinal column
what type of nerve cord do humans have - CORRECT ANSWER-dorsal
what kind of circulatory system do humans have - CORRECT ANSWER-closed
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
open circulatory system of arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-don't have a
network of blood vessels, they have a single dorsal blood vessel with large
openings at either end
in arthropods, tissues are directly exposed to what - CORRECT ANSWER-blood
exoskeleton two features - CORRECT ANSWER-hard and flexible
exoskeleton of arthropods is made up of what - CORRECT ANSWER-cuticle and
epidermis
exoskeleton cuticle is made up of which two things - CORRECT ANSWER-chitin
and protein
3 layers of the exoskeleton cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER-1. waxy epicuticle
2. exocuticle
3. endocuticle
exocuticle is hardened by what - CORRECT ANSWER-tanning
endocuticle features - CORRECT ANSWER-unhardened and stretchy
epidermis of exoskeleton lies where - CORRECT ANSWER-below the endocuticle
basement membrane of exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-thin tissue under
epidermis (separating it form the body cavity)
5 functions of the exoskeleton of arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-1. protects
from damage
2. reduces water loss
3. site for muscle attachment
4. barrier against microorganisms
5. supports internal organs
which part of the exoskeleton reduces water loss - CORRECT ANSWER-the
epicuticle
which part of the exoskeleton acts as a barrier against microorganisms -
CORRECT ANSWER-epicuticle
tanning in exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-a crosslinking of proteins in the
chitin protein matrix (sclerotization)
tanning in exoskeleton can be achieved how - CORRECT ANSWER-by
mineralization
BRAINSCAPE1
, BRAINSCAPE1
disadvantage of exoskeleton - CORRECT ANSWER-limits growth (so they must
moult to grow)
all arthropods must do what to grow - CORRECT ANSWER-moult
moult - CORRECT ANSWER-shedding of exoskeleton regulated by hormones
4 steps of moulting - CORRECT ANSWER-1. apolysis
2. break down of endocuticle layer
3. new cuticle formed
4. ecydisis
apolysis - CORRECT ANSWER-the separation of the old cuticle from the
underlying epidermal cells
apolysis is stimulated by what - CORRECT ANSWER-ecdysteroid moulting
hormones release from prothoracic glands
apolysis creates a new space under the old cuticle for what - CORRECT
ANSWER-for the flow of digestive fluids
what breaksdown the endocuticle layer of the exoskeleton into metabolites -
CORRECT ANSWER-the enzymes in the digestive fluid becoming activated
how is the new cuticle formed - CORRECT ANSWER-metabolites are reabsorbed
by the epidermal cells and used to form it
ecdysis - CORRECT ANSWER-the old cuticle is cast off
new cuticle after moulting will be what - CORRECT ANSWER-pale and soft
what does the arthropod do to make their bodies bigger before the new cuticle
hardens - CORRECT ANSWER-they contract muscles to increase internal fluid
pressures
the new body size can be even more increased if the arthropod does what -
CORRECT ANSWER-swallows air or water to inflate the gut
arthropods are extremely vulnerable to what before the new exoskeleton hardens
- CORRECT ANSWER-predation and dessication
first arthropods appeared when - CORRECT ANSWER-during the cambrian period
(>520 mya)
who were the most successful ancient arthropods - CORRECT ANSWER-trilobites
trilobites survived until when - CORRECT ANSWER-the end of the permian period
BRAINSCAPE1
