ONS CHEMOTHERAPY COURSE
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT RATED A+ NEWLY UPDATED
2025
neoadjuvant chemotherapy -ANSWER✔✔Chemotherapy given before primary
therapy (surgery or radiation) to reduce the size of a solid tumor
adjuvant chemotherapy -ANSWER✔✔Chemotherapy given after primary therapy
(surgery or radiation)
Induction -ANSWER✔✔For Hematological Malignancies: initial phase of
chemotherapy, initiated in a hospital setting due to risk of serious side
effects/complications from ensuing myelosupression. Goal is to achieve a complete
response.
Consolidation -ANSWER✔✔For Hematological Malignancies: Once induction is
complete, response is monitored via CBC and bone marrow biopsy. Consolidation
is done to ensure treatment takes effect, and decrease chance of re-occurrence.
myeloablation -ANSWER✔✔For Hematological Malignancies: Procedure
involving the elimination of the hematopoietic system, including its components
residing in the bone marrow, often achieved through the application of a toxic drug
and whole-body radiation. Done prior to stem cell or BMT.
Alkylating agents -ANSWER✔✔cell cycle nonspecific, exert effect in all phases
of cell cycle. Cause breaks in DNA via alkylation, interfering with DNA
replication. Carboplatin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide.
,Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) -ANSWER✔✔Alkylating agent
Routes: IV, PO, intraperitoneal.
Highly emetogenic, acute hemmorhagic cystitis may occur: Mesna and bladder
irrigation may be needed, provide IV hydration pre/post treatment to prevent
cystitis. Encourage PO Fluids up to 2 L per day with PO doses.
Cisplatin (Platinol) -ANSWER✔✔Alkylating agent
Routes: IV, intraperitoneal
Severe emetogenic, have anti-emetic regimen ready.
Acute renal failure can occur, vigourous hydration needed, forced diuresis
sometimes used, avoid nephrotoxic agents
* A urine output of 100 mL/hour or greater will tend to minimize cisplatin
nephrotoxicity. This can be accomplished by prehydration with 2 litres of an
appropriate intravenous solution, and similar post cisplatin hydration
(recommended 2,500 mL/m2/24 hours). If vigorous hydration is insufficient to
maintain adequate urinary output, an osmotic diuretic may be administered (eg,
mannitol).
Cisplatin reacts with metallic aluminium to form a black precipitate of platinum.
All aluminium containing IV sets, needles, catheters and syringes should be
avoided.
, Peirpheral Neuropathies and Ototoxicity (hearing loss) may occur with high dose
or prolonged therapy
Magnesium and Potassium supplementation may be neccessary
The most frequently reported adverse events (>10%) of cisplatin were
haematological (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anaemia), gastrointestinal
(anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), ear disorders (hearing impairment),
renal disorders (renal failure, nephrotoxicity, hyperuricemia) and fever.
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) -ANSWER✔✔alkylating agent
Routes : IV
Myelosuppresant, Thrombocytopenia nadir occurs on days 14 -21 and Neutropenia
nadir on day 21.
Dose is calculated with target Area under the Curve (AUC) using the Calvert
formula.
Carboplatin reacts with metallic aluminium to form a black precipitate of platinum.
All aluminium containing IV sets, needles, catheters and syringes should be
avoided.
Oxaliplatin -ANSWER✔✔alkylating agent, Used in combination with IV 5FU and
Leucovorin for adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer
Routes : IV
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 100%
CORRECT RATED A+ NEWLY UPDATED
2025
neoadjuvant chemotherapy -ANSWER✔✔Chemotherapy given before primary
therapy (surgery or radiation) to reduce the size of a solid tumor
adjuvant chemotherapy -ANSWER✔✔Chemotherapy given after primary therapy
(surgery or radiation)
Induction -ANSWER✔✔For Hematological Malignancies: initial phase of
chemotherapy, initiated in a hospital setting due to risk of serious side
effects/complications from ensuing myelosupression. Goal is to achieve a complete
response.
Consolidation -ANSWER✔✔For Hematological Malignancies: Once induction is
complete, response is monitored via CBC and bone marrow biopsy. Consolidation
is done to ensure treatment takes effect, and decrease chance of re-occurrence.
myeloablation -ANSWER✔✔For Hematological Malignancies: Procedure
involving the elimination of the hematopoietic system, including its components
residing in the bone marrow, often achieved through the application of a toxic drug
and whole-body radiation. Done prior to stem cell or BMT.
Alkylating agents -ANSWER✔✔cell cycle nonspecific, exert effect in all phases
of cell cycle. Cause breaks in DNA via alkylation, interfering with DNA
replication. Carboplatin, cisplatin, ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide.
,Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) -ANSWER✔✔Alkylating agent
Routes: IV, PO, intraperitoneal.
Highly emetogenic, acute hemmorhagic cystitis may occur: Mesna and bladder
irrigation may be needed, provide IV hydration pre/post treatment to prevent
cystitis. Encourage PO Fluids up to 2 L per day with PO doses.
Cisplatin (Platinol) -ANSWER✔✔Alkylating agent
Routes: IV, intraperitoneal
Severe emetogenic, have anti-emetic regimen ready.
Acute renal failure can occur, vigourous hydration needed, forced diuresis
sometimes used, avoid nephrotoxic agents
* A urine output of 100 mL/hour or greater will tend to minimize cisplatin
nephrotoxicity. This can be accomplished by prehydration with 2 litres of an
appropriate intravenous solution, and similar post cisplatin hydration
(recommended 2,500 mL/m2/24 hours). If vigorous hydration is insufficient to
maintain adequate urinary output, an osmotic diuretic may be administered (eg,
mannitol).
Cisplatin reacts with metallic aluminium to form a black precipitate of platinum.
All aluminium containing IV sets, needles, catheters and syringes should be
avoided.
, Peirpheral Neuropathies and Ototoxicity (hearing loss) may occur with high dose
or prolonged therapy
Magnesium and Potassium supplementation may be neccessary
The most frequently reported adverse events (>10%) of cisplatin were
haematological (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and anaemia), gastrointestinal
(anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea), ear disorders (hearing impairment),
renal disorders (renal failure, nephrotoxicity, hyperuricemia) and fever.
Carboplatin (Paraplatin) -ANSWER✔✔alkylating agent
Routes : IV
Myelosuppresant, Thrombocytopenia nadir occurs on days 14 -21 and Neutropenia
nadir on day 21.
Dose is calculated with target Area under the Curve (AUC) using the Calvert
formula.
Carboplatin reacts with metallic aluminium to form a black precipitate of platinum.
All aluminium containing IV sets, needles, catheters and syringes should be
avoided.
Oxaliplatin -ANSWER✔✔alkylating agent, Used in combination with IV 5FU and
Leucovorin for adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer
Routes : IV
