MTSA Advanced Physiology: Test 2 with 520
Questions and Latest Updated Answers 2025
2 major divisions of the nervous system
** central and peripheral
components of the central nervous system
** brain and spinal cord
components of peripheral nervous system
** cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia
number of cranial nerves
** 12 pairs
number of spinal nerves
** 31 pairs
afferent
** conveying toward a center
afferent neurons
** sensory neurons
efferent
** conveying away from the center
efferent neurons
** motor neurons
divisions of the efferent nervous system
,** somatic and autonomic
divisions of autonomic nervous system
** sympathetic and parasympathetic
enclosed and protected by boney structures
** CNS (brain and spinal cord)
somatic nervous system
** the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
pathway that has preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons
** efferent autonomic
Basic structural unit of the nervous system
** neuron
Dendrites
** a neuron's branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses TOWARD the cell
body
how many dendrites
** 0, 1, or many
interesting fact about dendrites and conduction
** they have very few voltage gated Na+ channels and, thus, are poor conductors of action
potentials
how dendrites conduct impulses
** electrotonic conduction
electrotonic conduction is..
,** conduction directly through the cytoplasm.
-allowed by cytoplasm highly concentrated with electrolytes
-conducts toward the axon hillock
-FAST d/t increase electrolytes and increased size = less resistance to flow.
where voltage gated Na+ channels open in a neuron
** in the axon hillock (if the receiving impulses are enough to raise RMP to threshold)
features of the soma of a neuron
** -large diameter
-large nucleus
-large nucleolus
-nisal bodies (modified ER)
-large golgi apparatus
-LOTs of ribosomes
-LOTs of mitochondria
major function of a neuron (based on organelles)
** protein synthesis (making neurotransmitters)
How many axons does a neuron have?
** only one (but may have collaterals)
Schwann cells
** produce myelin sheath in PNS
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called
________.
** Nodes of Ranvier
favors one way transmission of impulses in neurons
, ** few VG Na+ channels in the soma with many in the axon.
three types of neurons
** multipolar, bipolar, unipolar/pseudounipolar
Multipolar neurons have
** multiple dendrites and one axon
where multipolar neurons are found
** brain, spinal cord, and somatic motor fibers
Bipolar neurons have
** one axon and one dendrite
bipolar neurons are found
** sensory afferent neurons in the:
-rods and cones of the retina
-olfactory neurons
unipolar neurons have
** no true dendrites
unipolar neurons are found
** almost all sensory afferent neurons!!! (except olfactory and rods and cones)
reason sentry receptors aren't dendrites
** they bypass the cell body
"glia" literally means
** "glue"
Questions and Latest Updated Answers 2025
2 major divisions of the nervous system
** central and peripheral
components of the central nervous system
** brain and spinal cord
components of peripheral nervous system
** cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia
number of cranial nerves
** 12 pairs
number of spinal nerves
** 31 pairs
afferent
** conveying toward a center
afferent neurons
** sensory neurons
efferent
** conveying away from the center
efferent neurons
** motor neurons
divisions of the efferent nervous system
,** somatic and autonomic
divisions of autonomic nervous system
** sympathetic and parasympathetic
enclosed and protected by boney structures
** CNS (brain and spinal cord)
somatic nervous system
** the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls the body's skeletal muscles
pathway that has preganglionic and post ganglionic neurons
** efferent autonomic
Basic structural unit of the nervous system
** neuron
Dendrites
** a neuron's branching extensions that receive messages and conduct impulses TOWARD the cell
body
how many dendrites
** 0, 1, or many
interesting fact about dendrites and conduction
** they have very few voltage gated Na+ channels and, thus, are poor conductors of action
potentials
how dendrites conduct impulses
** electrotonic conduction
electrotonic conduction is..
,** conduction directly through the cytoplasm.
-allowed by cytoplasm highly concentrated with electrolytes
-conducts toward the axon hillock
-FAST d/t increase electrolytes and increased size = less resistance to flow.
where voltage gated Na+ channels open in a neuron
** in the axon hillock (if the receiving impulses are enough to raise RMP to threshold)
features of the soma of a neuron
** -large diameter
-large nucleus
-large nucleolus
-nisal bodies (modified ER)
-large golgi apparatus
-LOTs of ribosomes
-LOTs of mitochondria
major function of a neuron (based on organelles)
** protein synthesis (making neurotransmitters)
How many axons does a neuron have?
** only one (but may have collaterals)
Schwann cells
** produce myelin sheath in PNS
The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called
________.
** Nodes of Ranvier
favors one way transmission of impulses in neurons
, ** few VG Na+ channels in the soma with many in the axon.
three types of neurons
** multipolar, bipolar, unipolar/pseudounipolar
Multipolar neurons have
** multiple dendrites and one axon
where multipolar neurons are found
** brain, spinal cord, and somatic motor fibers
Bipolar neurons have
** one axon and one dendrite
bipolar neurons are found
** sensory afferent neurons in the:
-rods and cones of the retina
-olfactory neurons
unipolar neurons have
** no true dendrites
unipolar neurons are found
** almost all sensory afferent neurons!!! (except olfactory and rods and cones)
reason sentry receptors aren't dendrites
** they bypass the cell body
"glia" literally means
** "glue"
