Unit I
What is Computer Programming Language?
Computer programming is the process of writing instructions, or code, that tells a computer,
application, or software program how to perform specific actions. Programmers use programming
languages to write, test, revise, and update code.
Some types of programming languages include:
• Procedural: Follows a sequence of statements or commands to achieve a desired output
Example:- C, Pascal, Fortran,
• Object-oriented: Helps manage complexity in large programs by packaging data and
operations into objects
Example:- Java, Python, C++
• Scripting: Allows programmers to implement complex features on web pages.
Some of the most popular programming languages include: JavaScript, HTML/CSS, SQL, Python,
and TypeScript.
What is translator ?
A translator is a computer program that converts source code into object code, which is a form that a
computer can understand and execute. Translators are also known as language processors
1. Compiler
The language processor that reads the complete source program written in high-level language as a
whole in one go and translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is called a
Compiler. Example: C, C++, C#.
In a compiler, the source code is translated to object code successfully if it is free of errors. The
compiler specifies the errors at the end of the compilation with line numbers when there are any
errors in the source code. The errors must be removed before the compiler can successfully
recompile the source code again the object program can be executed number of times without
translating it again.
,2. Assembler The Assembler is used to translate the program written in Assembly languageinto
machine code.
The source program is an input of an assembler that contains assembly language instructions. The
output generated by the assembler is the object code or machine code understandable by the
computer. Assembler is basically the 1st interface that is able to communicate humans with the
machine. We need an assembler to fill the gap between human and machine so that they can
communicate with each other. code written in assembly language is some sort of
mnemonics(instructions) like ADD, MUL, MUX, SUB, DIV, MOV and so on. and the assembler is
basically able to convert these mnemonics in binary code. Here, these mnemonics also depend
upon the architecture of the machine.
For example, the architecture of intel 8085 and intel 8086 are different.
3. Interpreter
The translation of a single statem
ent of the source program into machine code is done by a language processor and executes
immediately before moving on to the next line is called an interpreter. If there is an error in the
statement, the interpreter terminates its translating process at that statement and displays an error
message. The interpreter moves on to the next line for execution only after the removal of the error.
An Interpreter directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language without
previously converting them to an object code or machine code. An interpreter translates one line at
a time and then executes it.
Example: Perl, Python and Matlab.
,What is Python?
Python isageneral-purpose programming language that is used to create software and websites,
analyze data, and automate tasks. It is an interpreted, object-oriented, and high-level language
, Features of Python
• Easy tolearn: Python has a simple syntax and is easy to use.
• Open source: Python is free and open source, including its source code.:-
Python is opensourcebecauseit'sdevelopedunderanOSI-approvedlicensethat
allows it tobe:
• Freely used and distributed: Python is free to use for personal or commercial
purposes, without any licensing fees.
• Object-oriented: Python is an object-oriented programming language.
• Portable: Python is a highly portable language.
•
Large standard library: Python has a large standard library.
What is IDE ?
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software application that
helps developers write, debug, and test code for Python:
What is Computer Programming Language?
Computer programming is the process of writing instructions, or code, that tells a computer,
application, or software program how to perform specific actions. Programmers use programming
languages to write, test, revise, and update code.
Some types of programming languages include:
• Procedural: Follows a sequence of statements or commands to achieve a desired output
Example:- C, Pascal, Fortran,
• Object-oriented: Helps manage complexity in large programs by packaging data and
operations into objects
Example:- Java, Python, C++
• Scripting: Allows programmers to implement complex features on web pages.
Some of the most popular programming languages include: JavaScript, HTML/CSS, SQL, Python,
and TypeScript.
What is translator ?
A translator is a computer program that converts source code into object code, which is a form that a
computer can understand and execute. Translators are also known as language processors
1. Compiler
The language processor that reads the complete source program written in high-level language as a
whole in one go and translates it into an equivalent program in machine language is called a
Compiler. Example: C, C++, C#.
In a compiler, the source code is translated to object code successfully if it is free of errors. The
compiler specifies the errors at the end of the compilation with line numbers when there are any
errors in the source code. The errors must be removed before the compiler can successfully
recompile the source code again the object program can be executed number of times without
translating it again.
,2. Assembler The Assembler is used to translate the program written in Assembly languageinto
machine code.
The source program is an input of an assembler that contains assembly language instructions. The
output generated by the assembler is the object code or machine code understandable by the
computer. Assembler is basically the 1st interface that is able to communicate humans with the
machine. We need an assembler to fill the gap between human and machine so that they can
communicate with each other. code written in assembly language is some sort of
mnemonics(instructions) like ADD, MUL, MUX, SUB, DIV, MOV and so on. and the assembler is
basically able to convert these mnemonics in binary code. Here, these mnemonics also depend
upon the architecture of the machine.
For example, the architecture of intel 8085 and intel 8086 are different.
3. Interpreter
The translation of a single statem
ent of the source program into machine code is done by a language processor and executes
immediately before moving on to the next line is called an interpreter. If there is an error in the
statement, the interpreter terminates its translating process at that statement and displays an error
message. The interpreter moves on to the next line for execution only after the removal of the error.
An Interpreter directly executes instructions written in a programming or scripting language without
previously converting them to an object code or machine code. An interpreter translates one line at
a time and then executes it.
Example: Perl, Python and Matlab.
,What is Python?
Python isageneral-purpose programming language that is used to create software and websites,
analyze data, and automate tasks. It is an interpreted, object-oriented, and high-level language
, Features of Python
• Easy tolearn: Python has a simple syntax and is easy to use.
• Open source: Python is free and open source, including its source code.:-
Python is opensourcebecauseit'sdevelopedunderanOSI-approvedlicensethat
allows it tobe:
• Freely used and distributed: Python is free to use for personal or commercial
purposes, without any licensing fees.
• Object-oriented: Python is an object-oriented programming language.
• Portable: Python is a highly portable language.
•
Large standard library: Python has a large standard library.
What is IDE ?
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is a software application that
helps developers write, debug, and test code for Python:
