10/21/25, 12:14 AM NUR 356 exam 2
Breast Cancer Exam | COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
| VERIFIED ANSWERS \2025-2026
what is the most common invasive ductal carcinoma
type of breast cancer?
duct cells are epithelial cells which form outer layers of
why is invasive ductal organs, hormones stimulate duct cells to undergo
carcinoma so bad?
mitosis for cell growth/regeneration, the more these
is cell division, the higher likelihood of mutations
three layers of the breast adipose, lobules, ducts
what might happen if there if there is a mutation on the exon, then the p53 protein could
was a missense mutation in end up being
one of the TP53 exons? dysfunctional and p53 is involved in dna repair and apoptosis so
without this there could be more likelihood of cancer
what might happen if there introns get spliced out so it does not matter later on if there is a
was a missense mutation in mutation on one.
one of the TP53 introns?
if BRCA is a tumor suppressor the protein repairs the damaged dna or performs apoptosis
gene, what is the role of the
BRCA protein?
if there is a problem or mutation in dna replication, BRCA signals
what is the role of BRCA in for repair to the damaged area and acts as a checkpoint to see if
dna replication? the cell can continue to perform mitosis or if it needs to go
through apoptosis
if the BRCA protein is not apoptosis would not be happening enough and this could cause
functional, what will happen in an overexpression and lead to too many cells dividing and
the cell? growing, potentially leading to cancer.
How can HER2 become an if we have a mutation in the dna, that leads to an increase in
oncogene? mitosis and now HER2 is an oncogene.
G1 the cell is performing normal functions
G0 stage of extended inactivity
S dna replication occurs, resulting in two identical chromatids in
the cell
G2 checkpoint that must be passed in order for the cell to continue
in the cell cycle or undergo apoptosis
mitosis cell division, creating two identical cells
G1 checkpoints is the cell large enough? does the cell contain enough resources
to divide? is the surrounding environment adequate for two
cells?
/ 1/7
, 10/22/25, 5:00 PM Breast Cancer Exam
adipose function fat surrounding lobules and ducts
lobules function produce milk
ducts function transport milk to the nipple
hormones in breast and what estrogen and prolactin aid in milk production
they do
cancer development process hyperplasia, dysplasia, in situ cancer, malignant tumor
hyperplasia small mass of mutant cells
dysplasia mass of cells evade host defense mechanisms
in situ cancer tumor in a specific tissue
malignant tumor organ damage and metastatic potential
which cellular mechanism dna replication gives rise to genetic mutations. every
gives rise to genetic time dna replication occurs afterwards, there will be a
mutations? what is the mutation. dna replication happens right before cell
connection between this division so there is enough dna for each daughter
cellular mechanism and cell cell to have
division?
what is the relationship when a proto oncogene is mutated to an oncogene, the
between proto- oncogenes rate of mitosis is increased to an uncontrollable rate
and mitosis?
tumor suppressor genes repair damaged dna from the
what is the relationship
oncogene and can trigger apoptosis if the dna is
between a tumor
beyond repair. Tumor suppressor gene creates a
suppressor gene and
protein
apoptosis?
product that initiates dna repair or apoptosis
proto-oncogene gene with potential to accelerate cell growth if mutated
oncogene mutated proto-oncogene allele that increases the rate of mitosis
tumor suppressor gene involved in dna repair or triggering apoptosis
guardian of the genome TP53 - tumor suppressor
signals to either repair dna by activating repair genes or
role of p53
initiate apoptosis by activating apoptosis genes
single substitution mutations, single amino acid change,
most common TP53 mutations
change of protein structure/function
BRCA 2 tumor suppressor gene that stimulates dna repair
common BRCA 2 mutation 999del5 - deletion of 5 nucleotides at position 999 of the gene
sequence
what type of mutation is the frameshift
999del5?
/ 2/7
Breast Cancer Exam | COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS | GRADED A+ | LATEST EXAM
| VERIFIED ANSWERS \2025-2026
what is the most common invasive ductal carcinoma
type of breast cancer?
duct cells are epithelial cells which form outer layers of
why is invasive ductal organs, hormones stimulate duct cells to undergo
carcinoma so bad?
mitosis for cell growth/regeneration, the more these
is cell division, the higher likelihood of mutations
three layers of the breast adipose, lobules, ducts
what might happen if there if there is a mutation on the exon, then the p53 protein could
was a missense mutation in end up being
one of the TP53 exons? dysfunctional and p53 is involved in dna repair and apoptosis so
without this there could be more likelihood of cancer
what might happen if there introns get spliced out so it does not matter later on if there is a
was a missense mutation in mutation on one.
one of the TP53 introns?
if BRCA is a tumor suppressor the protein repairs the damaged dna or performs apoptosis
gene, what is the role of the
BRCA protein?
if there is a problem or mutation in dna replication, BRCA signals
what is the role of BRCA in for repair to the damaged area and acts as a checkpoint to see if
dna replication? the cell can continue to perform mitosis or if it needs to go
through apoptosis
if the BRCA protein is not apoptosis would not be happening enough and this could cause
functional, what will happen in an overexpression and lead to too many cells dividing and
the cell? growing, potentially leading to cancer.
How can HER2 become an if we have a mutation in the dna, that leads to an increase in
oncogene? mitosis and now HER2 is an oncogene.
G1 the cell is performing normal functions
G0 stage of extended inactivity
S dna replication occurs, resulting in two identical chromatids in
the cell
G2 checkpoint that must be passed in order for the cell to continue
in the cell cycle or undergo apoptosis
mitosis cell division, creating two identical cells
G1 checkpoints is the cell large enough? does the cell contain enough resources
to divide? is the surrounding environment adequate for two
cells?
/ 1/7
, 10/22/25, 5:00 PM Breast Cancer Exam
adipose function fat surrounding lobules and ducts
lobules function produce milk
ducts function transport milk to the nipple
hormones in breast and what estrogen and prolactin aid in milk production
they do
cancer development process hyperplasia, dysplasia, in situ cancer, malignant tumor
hyperplasia small mass of mutant cells
dysplasia mass of cells evade host defense mechanisms
in situ cancer tumor in a specific tissue
malignant tumor organ damage and metastatic potential
which cellular mechanism dna replication gives rise to genetic mutations. every
gives rise to genetic time dna replication occurs afterwards, there will be a
mutations? what is the mutation. dna replication happens right before cell
connection between this division so there is enough dna for each daughter
cellular mechanism and cell cell to have
division?
what is the relationship when a proto oncogene is mutated to an oncogene, the
between proto- oncogenes rate of mitosis is increased to an uncontrollable rate
and mitosis?
tumor suppressor genes repair damaged dna from the
what is the relationship
oncogene and can trigger apoptosis if the dna is
between a tumor
beyond repair. Tumor suppressor gene creates a
suppressor gene and
protein
apoptosis?
product that initiates dna repair or apoptosis
proto-oncogene gene with potential to accelerate cell growth if mutated
oncogene mutated proto-oncogene allele that increases the rate of mitosis
tumor suppressor gene involved in dna repair or triggering apoptosis
guardian of the genome TP53 - tumor suppressor
signals to either repair dna by activating repair genes or
role of p53
initiate apoptosis by activating apoptosis genes
single substitution mutations, single amino acid change,
most common TP53 mutations
change of protein structure/function
BRCA 2 tumor suppressor gene that stimulates dna repair
common BRCA 2 mutation 999del5 - deletion of 5 nucleotides at position 999 of the gene
sequence
what type of mutation is the frameshift
999del5?
/ 2/7
