Psychological Disorders EXAM 1
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1. What is a Psychological Disorder?: psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with
distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
2. Psychological Dysfunction: breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning
3. Personal Distress: something upsetting to the individual
4. Impairment in Functioning: problems with relationships, work, school, independent living/self-care,
and/or daily routine
5. Psychopathology: the scientific study of psychological disorders, including etiology (i.e. causes), classifica-
tion, assessment, and treatment of mental health conditions
6. General terminology to describe psychological disorders: Psychopathology, psychiatric
disorders, mental illness, mental health conditions, emotional disorders, behavioral disorders, behavioral health, menta
health
7. Diagnosis: the clinical identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms
8. Prognosis: anticipated course of a disorder or disease
9. Presenting problem: original complaint or the reason a patient is seeking treatment
10. Treatment/Intervention: the approach that is used to address a disorder, disease, or illness
11. Assessment: systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a
person presenting with a possible psychological disorder
12. Etiology: cause or source of a disease, disorder, or illness
13. Mental Health Professionals: Psychologists (PhD, PsyD, EdD), both clinical and non-clinical; psy-
chiatrists, Licensed Clinical Social Workers, Psychiatric nurses, Marriage and family therapists, Licensed professional
counselors
14. Common Mental Health Services: Psychological Assessment & Evaluation, Treatment & Intervention,
Supported Employment & Education, Case Management, Medication Management
15. Scientist-Practitioner (Boulder Model): Individuals are prepared to both conduct research on
and treat people with psychological disorders--Researchers use scientific methods to study clinical phenomena &
practitioners take a scientific approach to their clinical work; Involves consumers, evaluators, and creators of science
16. Clinical Science: science must guide all aspects of clinical psychology, from search for basic and applied
knowledge, to the translation of such knowledge into optimal standards for professional service, to the structuring of
education and training in the speciality; rigorous and uncompromising adherence to a scientific epistemology
17. Practitioner-Scholar (Vail Model): A model of graduate training in clinical psychology that empha-
sizes practice over empirical research; clinically oriented
1/7
, Psychological Disorders EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htsjyb
18. Understanding Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior: - Major psychologica
disorders have existed in all cultures and across all time periods
- Causes and treatment of abnormal behavior vary widely across cultures, time periods, world views
- Three dominant traditions have existed in the past to explain abnormal behavior (supernatural, biological, psycho-
logical)
19. The Supernatural Tradition: deviant behavior as a battle of "good" vs. "evil," caused by demonic
possession, witchcraft, sorcery; treatments included exorcist, torture, religious services
20. Mass hysteria: emotion contagion
21. The Biological Tradition: Hippocrates: abnormal behavior seen as a physical disease (linked abnormal-
ity with brain chemical imbalances); hysteria of "the wandering uterus" states psychological symptoms were a result of
the uterus moving around in the body
22. Gaelic-Hippocratic Tradition: humoral theory of disorders: functioning is related to having too much
or too little of four key bodily fluids (humors), which were blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile (i.e. depression caused
by too much black bile)
23. The 19th Century: general paresis (syphilis) and the biological link with madness: several unusual psy-
chological and behavioral symptoms led Pasteur to discover the cause, which was a bacterial microorganism. penicillin
was discovered as a successful treatment, which bolstered the view that mental illness = physical illness
24. John P. Grey and the Reformers (19th century cont.): Grey was a psychiatrist who believed
mental illness had physical roots; this led to reforms of hospitals to give psychiatric patients better care
25. Early Biological Treatments: electric shock, crude surgery, insulin, major tranquilizers, minor tranquil-
izers (benzos)
26. Consequences of Biological Tradition: increased hospitalization by connecting mental to physica
illness; Emil Kraepelin created classification of disorders which emphasized that different disorders have unique age of
onset, symptoms, and causes
27. The Psychological Tradition: the rise of moral therapy became popular in the first half of the 19th
century; the idea was to treat patients as normally as possible in a normal environment as well as establishing more
humane treatment of institutionalized patients; encouraged and reinforced social interaction; moral therapy declined
eventually because it was more difficult with large groups of patients
28. Psychoanalytic Theory: the Freudian theory of the structure and function of the mind (involves the
unconscious, catharsis, and explanations for development and personality)
2/7
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htsjyb
1. What is a Psychological Disorder?: psychological dysfunction within an individual associated with
distress or impairment in functioning and a response that is not typical or culturally expected
2. Psychological Dysfunction: breakdown in cognitive, emotional, or behavioral functioning
3. Personal Distress: something upsetting to the individual
4. Impairment in Functioning: problems with relationships, work, school, independent living/self-care,
and/or daily routine
5. Psychopathology: the scientific study of psychological disorders, including etiology (i.e. causes), classifica-
tion, assessment, and treatment of mental health conditions
6. General terminology to describe psychological disorders: Psychopathology, psychiatric
disorders, mental illness, mental health conditions, emotional disorders, behavioral disorders, behavioral health, menta
health
7. Diagnosis: the clinical identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms
8. Prognosis: anticipated course of a disorder or disease
9. Presenting problem: original complaint or the reason a patient is seeking treatment
10. Treatment/Intervention: the approach that is used to address a disorder, disease, or illness
11. Assessment: systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a
person presenting with a possible psychological disorder
12. Etiology: cause or source of a disease, disorder, or illness
13. Mental Health Professionals: Psychologists (PhD, PsyD, EdD), both clinical and non-clinical; psy-
chiatrists, Licensed Clinical Social Workers, Psychiatric nurses, Marriage and family therapists, Licensed professional
counselors
14. Common Mental Health Services: Psychological Assessment & Evaluation, Treatment & Intervention,
Supported Employment & Education, Case Management, Medication Management
15. Scientist-Practitioner (Boulder Model): Individuals are prepared to both conduct research on
and treat people with psychological disorders--Researchers use scientific methods to study clinical phenomena &
practitioners take a scientific approach to their clinical work; Involves consumers, evaluators, and creators of science
16. Clinical Science: science must guide all aspects of clinical psychology, from search for basic and applied
knowledge, to the translation of such knowledge into optimal standards for professional service, to the structuring of
education and training in the speciality; rigorous and uncompromising adherence to a scientific epistemology
17. Practitioner-Scholar (Vail Model): A model of graduate training in clinical psychology that empha-
sizes practice over empirical research; clinically oriented
1/7
, Psychological Disorders EXAM 1
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_htsjyb
18. Understanding Historical Conceptions of Abnormal Behavior: - Major psychologica
disorders have existed in all cultures and across all time periods
- Causes and treatment of abnormal behavior vary widely across cultures, time periods, world views
- Three dominant traditions have existed in the past to explain abnormal behavior (supernatural, biological, psycho-
logical)
19. The Supernatural Tradition: deviant behavior as a battle of "good" vs. "evil," caused by demonic
possession, witchcraft, sorcery; treatments included exorcist, torture, religious services
20. Mass hysteria: emotion contagion
21. The Biological Tradition: Hippocrates: abnormal behavior seen as a physical disease (linked abnormal-
ity with brain chemical imbalances); hysteria of "the wandering uterus" states psychological symptoms were a result of
the uterus moving around in the body
22. Gaelic-Hippocratic Tradition: humoral theory of disorders: functioning is related to having too much
or too little of four key bodily fluids (humors), which were blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile (i.e. depression caused
by too much black bile)
23. The 19th Century: general paresis (syphilis) and the biological link with madness: several unusual psy-
chological and behavioral symptoms led Pasteur to discover the cause, which was a bacterial microorganism. penicillin
was discovered as a successful treatment, which bolstered the view that mental illness = physical illness
24. John P. Grey and the Reformers (19th century cont.): Grey was a psychiatrist who believed
mental illness had physical roots; this led to reforms of hospitals to give psychiatric patients better care
25. Early Biological Treatments: electric shock, crude surgery, insulin, major tranquilizers, minor tranquil-
izers (benzos)
26. Consequences of Biological Tradition: increased hospitalization by connecting mental to physica
illness; Emil Kraepelin created classification of disorders which emphasized that different disorders have unique age of
onset, symptoms, and causes
27. The Psychological Tradition: the rise of moral therapy became popular in the first half of the 19th
century; the idea was to treat patients as normally as possible in a normal environment as well as establishing more
humane treatment of institutionalized patients; encouraged and reinforced social interaction; moral therapy declined
eventually because it was more difficult with large groups of patients
28. Psychoanalytic Theory: the Freudian theory of the structure and function of the mind (involves the
unconscious, catharsis, and explanations for development and personality)
2/7
