ICVA NAVLE EXAM 1 2025/2026 WITH 100%
ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Why is echocardiography preferred over other diagnostic tests for an older
cat with a newly identified murmur?
Echocardiography provides a detailed, non-invasive view of the
heart's chambers, valves, and myocardial function.
Echocardiography is less expensive than other tests.
Echocardiography can be performed without sedation.
Echocardiography is the only test that can diagnose heart murmurs.
2. What is the most likely causal agent of diarrhea in piglets as described in
the provided scenario?
parvovirus
rotavirus
porcine enterovirus
circovirus
transmissible gastroenteritis virus
3. A 4-year-old Standardbred stallion is being evaluated because he has
been racing poorly for the past two months. On auscultation of the thorax,
there is an irregular rate and intensity of heart sounds. An
electrocardiogram shows an absence of P waves. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
Atrial fibrillation
,Ventricular fibrilation
, Wandering atrial pacemaker
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
Premature ventricular contractions
4. What diagnostic procedure is suggested to confirm a diagnosis in a dog
with suspected small intestinal disease?
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach
and duodenum
administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone
colonoscopy with biopsies of the colon
initiation of a highly digestible diet
5. If a veterinarian observes a dog with respiratory distress and diffuse
interstitial patterns on a chest radiograph, what would be the most
appropriate next step in management?
Monitor the dog without intervention.
Conduct further diagnostic tests to confirm blastomycosis.
Immediately start antibiotic treatment.
Refer the dog for surgery.
6. Which of the following is a highly contagious herpesvirus in primarily
bovine which can cause conjunctivitis, coughing, and poor milk production
in mild cases, but can also cause hyperthermia, depression, drooling,
ruminal stasis, halitosis, discharge build-up in the larynx/trachea, and
dyspnea in severe cases?
Calf scours
Enterotoxemia
, Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
7. What is a common cause of severe unilateral epistaxis in horses?
Maxillary vein
Internal carotid artery rupture
Ethmoid hematoma
Maxillary sinus mucosa
8. A 10-year old dog has had difficulty walking for the past week. Findings on
physical and neurologic examinations include hypermetria and a decreased
hopping reflex in the left fore- and hindlimbs. A lesion is most likely to be
found on which of the following structures of the nervous system?
Left brainstem
Right cerebellum
Left cerebrum
Right brainstem
Left cerebellum
9. Describe how guttural pouch mycosis can lead to an internal carotid artery
rupture in horses.
Guttural pouch mycosis results in the thickening of the artery walls.
Guttural pouch mycosis leads to the formation of blood clots in the
carotid artery.
Guttural pouch mycosis causes inflammation that blocks blood flow
to the brain.
ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Why is echocardiography preferred over other diagnostic tests for an older
cat with a newly identified murmur?
Echocardiography provides a detailed, non-invasive view of the
heart's chambers, valves, and myocardial function.
Echocardiography is less expensive than other tests.
Echocardiography can be performed without sedation.
Echocardiography is the only test that can diagnose heart murmurs.
2. What is the most likely causal agent of diarrhea in piglets as described in
the provided scenario?
parvovirus
rotavirus
porcine enterovirus
circovirus
transmissible gastroenteritis virus
3. A 4-year-old Standardbred stallion is being evaluated because he has
been racing poorly for the past two months. On auscultation of the thorax,
there is an irregular rate and intensity of heart sounds. An
electrocardiogram shows an absence of P waves. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
Atrial fibrillation
,Ventricular fibrilation
, Wandering atrial pacemaker
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
Premature ventricular contractions
4. What diagnostic procedure is suggested to confirm a diagnosis in a dog
with suspected small intestinal disease?
upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach
and duodenum
administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone
colonoscopy with biopsies of the colon
initiation of a highly digestible diet
5. If a veterinarian observes a dog with respiratory distress and diffuse
interstitial patterns on a chest radiograph, what would be the most
appropriate next step in management?
Monitor the dog without intervention.
Conduct further diagnostic tests to confirm blastomycosis.
Immediately start antibiotic treatment.
Refer the dog for surgery.
6. Which of the following is a highly contagious herpesvirus in primarily
bovine which can cause conjunctivitis, coughing, and poor milk production
in mild cases, but can also cause hyperthermia, depression, drooling,
ruminal stasis, halitosis, discharge build-up in the larynx/trachea, and
dyspnea in severe cases?
Calf scours
Enterotoxemia
, Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
7. What is a common cause of severe unilateral epistaxis in horses?
Maxillary vein
Internal carotid artery rupture
Ethmoid hematoma
Maxillary sinus mucosa
8. A 10-year old dog has had difficulty walking for the past week. Findings on
physical and neurologic examinations include hypermetria and a decreased
hopping reflex in the left fore- and hindlimbs. A lesion is most likely to be
found on which of the following structures of the nervous system?
Left brainstem
Right cerebellum
Left cerebrum
Right brainstem
Left cerebellum
9. Describe how guttural pouch mycosis can lead to an internal carotid artery
rupture in horses.
Guttural pouch mycosis results in the thickening of the artery walls.
Guttural pouch mycosis leads to the formation of blood clots in the
carotid artery.
Guttural pouch mycosis causes inflammation that blocks blood flow
to the brain.
