NR283- PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED)

NR283- PATHO FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS | 100% PASS (A+ CERTIFIED) 1. Hiatal Hernia Correct Answer A condition in which part of the stomach pushes up through the diaphragm muscle. 2. Hiatal Hernia Causes Correct Answer Short Esophagus. -Trauma. -Weak Muscles. -Increased Abdominal Pressure. 3. Hiatal Hernia Signs & Symptoms Correct Answer Heartburn "pyrosis". - Frequent Belching. -Acid Reflux. -Dysphagia "difficulty swallowing". -Chest or Abdominal Pain. -Shortness of breath. 4. Gastritis Correct Answer Inflammatory disorder of the gastric mucosa. 5. Gastritis Signs & Symptoms Correct Answer Anorexia. -Nausea. -Vomiting. -Hematemesis "vomiting blood". -Adbominal Pain. 6. Acute Gastritis Correct Answer Sudden inflammation in the lining of the stomach. -Caused by injury to mucosal lining by microorganisms E.coli, allergies, asprin, corrosive substances, radiation or chemotherapy. 7. Chronic Gastritis Correct Answer Chronic inflammation of stomach mucosa. -Caused by H. pylori, NSAIDS, Alcohol, Tobacco. -Increased risk of gastric cancer. 8. Peptic Ulcer Disease Correct Answer A break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of the lower esophagus, stomach, or duodenum. 9. Peptic Ulcer Disease Location Correct Answer #1 Duodenum. -Lower Esophagus. -Stomach. 10. Causes of Peptic Ulcer Disease Correct Answer H. Pylori -NSAIDS. -Stress. -Smoking. -Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome "tumors in pancreas and intestine." 11. Peptic Ulcers Signs & Symptoms Correct Answer Gastric ulcer: burning pain when the stomach is empty and temporarily feel better after eating. Due to increased acid or inflammation from bacteria -Duodenal ulcers hurt shortly after eating and feel better when the stomach is empty. MOST COMMON. Due to increased acid or inflammation from bacteria -Nausea. -Vomiting. -Weight loss. 12. Cholelithiasis: Gallstone formation in the gallbladder, masses of solid material "calculi" that form in the bile. 13. Causes of Cholelithiasis Correct Answer Ideopathic -Obstruction or inflammation. -*Fat, Fertile, Female, & Forty.* High cholesterol in the bile. -Gallbladder or Pancreatic Disease. 14. Signs & Symptoms of Cholelithiasis Correct Answer Asymptomatic "showing no symptoms". -Excess Cholesterol or Bilirubin. -Severe waves of pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen or epigastric area usually radiating to the back and right shoulder. 15. Types of Gallstones Correct Answer Cholesterol "Most common, yellow, undissolved cholesterol". -Pigmented "dark brown/black too much bilirubin". 16. Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin. 17. Types of Hepatitis Correct Answer A: Found in feces and Bile. -B: Transmitted through blood & body fluids. -C: Post transfusion, IV drug use, sharing needles. 18. Signs & Symptoms of Hepatitis "3 stages": 1. *Prodromal (preicteric)*: *2wks. after exposure.* -Non-specific symptoms "I don't feel good". Highly infectious, may be idiopathic, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, nausea, muscle ache, fever headache, mild abdominal discomfort. 2. *Icteric/Clinical*: *1-2 weeks after prodromal.* -Jaudice, dark urine, painfully enlarged liver, light color stool. 3. *Recovery*: Begins with resolution of Jaundice. 19. Hepatic Encephalopathy Cause Correct Answer The loss of brain function when a damaged liver doesn't remove excess amonia from the blood. - Related to Cirrhosis. 20. Signs & Symptoms of Hepatic Encephalopathy Correct Answer Memory Loss & Confusion. -Asterixis: Flapping hands. -Musty odor breath. -Convulsions. -Coma. -Slurred speech. -Altered Level of Consciousness.