BIO 141 Final Exam Questions
Complete Latest 2025/2026 with
Correct Answers and Rationales
GRADED A+
All cells must have...
<Ans> -Nucleic acids that store and transmit info
-Proteins that perform most of the cells functions
-Carbs that provide chemical energy, carbon, support, identity
-A plasma membrane which serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier.
Qiz Pro: Chromosome
<Ans> Singular, circular chromosome that consists of large DNA molecules with a
small number of proteins
Qiz Pro: Nucleoid
<Ans> location and structural organization of circular chromosome.
,Qiz Pro: Plasmids
<Ans> Circular, supercoiled DNA molecules
Qiz Ribosomes
<Ans> -Function as protein-manufacturing center.
-Not organelles because not surrounded by membranes
Qiz Organelle
<Ans> -Membrane-bound compartment inside the cell that contains enzymes or
structures specialized for a specific function.
-Functions: store calcium ions, etc; hold crystals for mineral magnetite (sense magnetic
field); organize enzyme for synthesizing compounds; sequestering enzymes that
generate chemical energy from ammonium.
Qiz Cytoskeleton
<Ans> protein filaments that help maintain structure
Qiz Cytoplasm
,<Ans> -all the contents excluding the nucleus.
-Plasma membrane creates an internal environment that is distinct from the outside,
non-living environments
Qiz Cell Wall
<Ans> -Tough fibrous layer that surrounds the plasma membrane
-Protects against hypertonic effects.
-Glycolipids: lipids that contain carbohydrate group, creates protective layer.
Qiz Flagella:
<Ans> -Assembled from 40+ different proteins
-Base in membrane, rotation spins long helical filaments that propels cells around 60
cell lengths per second.
Qiz Fimbriae
<Ans> Needlelike projections that extend from plasma membrane and promote
attachment to other cells/surfaces.
Qiz Cytosol
, <Ans> Fluid portion between the plasma membrane and organelles, small fraction of
volume of cell.
Qiz Advantages of compartmentalization
<Ans> -Incompatible chemical reactions can be separated.
-Chemical reactions become more efficient.
Qiz Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
<Ans> -Euk. chromosomes are much larger.
-Euk. cells are much larger.
-Euk. cells contain extensive amounts of internal membrane.
-Euk. cells have diverse and dynamic cytoskeleton.
Qiz Nucleus
<Ans> -Location of genetic material
-Parts: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, nuclear lamina.
Qiz Nuclear Envelope
Complete Latest 2025/2026 with
Correct Answers and Rationales
GRADED A+
All cells must have...
<Ans> -Nucleic acids that store and transmit info
-Proteins that perform most of the cells functions
-Carbs that provide chemical energy, carbon, support, identity
-A plasma membrane which serves as a selectively permeable membrane barrier.
Qiz Pro: Chromosome
<Ans> Singular, circular chromosome that consists of large DNA molecules with a
small number of proteins
Qiz Pro: Nucleoid
<Ans> location and structural organization of circular chromosome.
,Qiz Pro: Plasmids
<Ans> Circular, supercoiled DNA molecules
Qiz Ribosomes
<Ans> -Function as protein-manufacturing center.
-Not organelles because not surrounded by membranes
Qiz Organelle
<Ans> -Membrane-bound compartment inside the cell that contains enzymes or
structures specialized for a specific function.
-Functions: store calcium ions, etc; hold crystals for mineral magnetite (sense magnetic
field); organize enzyme for synthesizing compounds; sequestering enzymes that
generate chemical energy from ammonium.
Qiz Cytoskeleton
<Ans> protein filaments that help maintain structure
Qiz Cytoplasm
,<Ans> -all the contents excluding the nucleus.
-Plasma membrane creates an internal environment that is distinct from the outside,
non-living environments
Qiz Cell Wall
<Ans> -Tough fibrous layer that surrounds the plasma membrane
-Protects against hypertonic effects.
-Glycolipids: lipids that contain carbohydrate group, creates protective layer.
Qiz Flagella:
<Ans> -Assembled from 40+ different proteins
-Base in membrane, rotation spins long helical filaments that propels cells around 60
cell lengths per second.
Qiz Fimbriae
<Ans> Needlelike projections that extend from plasma membrane and promote
attachment to other cells/surfaces.
Qiz Cytosol
, <Ans> Fluid portion between the plasma membrane and organelles, small fraction of
volume of cell.
Qiz Advantages of compartmentalization
<Ans> -Incompatible chemical reactions can be separated.
-Chemical reactions become more efficient.
Qiz Differences between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
<Ans> -Euk. chromosomes are much larger.
-Euk. cells are much larger.
-Euk. cells contain extensive amounts of internal membrane.
-Euk. cells have diverse and dynamic cytoskeleton.
Qiz Nucleus
<Ans> -Location of genetic material
-Parts: nuclear envelope, nucleolus, nuclear lamina.
Qiz Nuclear Envelope
