NBEO 1 PHARMACOLOGY AND VITAMINS EXAM
2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of Ceftriaxone and its significance
in treating infections.
Ceftriaxone blocks DNA replication in bacteria.
Ceftriaxone inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes.
Ceftriaxone acts as a transpeptidase inhibitor, which is crucial for
disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Ceftriaxone enhances the immune response against viral infections.
2. What is the trade name of Enalapril?
Vasotec
Captopril
Ramipril
Lisinopril
3. A patient with breast cancer is placed on tamoxifen/Novadex. Which of the
following statements BEST describes the mechanism of action of this drug?
Acts as an exogenous source of estrogen
Prevents endometrial hyperplasia
Inhibits pituitary gonadotropins
Blocks estrogen receptors in the breast
,4. What is the chemical name for Vitamin B3?
Niacin or nicotinic acid
, Riboflavin
Pyridoxine
Thiamine
5. Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of amiodarone and its relevance
to its therapeutic use.
Amiodarone inhibits calcium channels, reducing heart contractility.
Amiodarone enhances sodium channel activity, promoting
arrhythmias.
Amiodarone increases K+ channel activity, leading to faster heart
rates.
Amiodarone blocks K+ channels, which helps to stabilize heart
rhythm in conditions like CHF and cardiac arrhythmias.
6. Describe the mechanism of action of Acetylcysteine and its significance in
treating respiratory conditions.
Acetylcysteine acts as an antihistamine to relieve allergy symptoms.
Acetylcysteine promotes the secretion of mucus to clear the
airways.
Acetylcysteine inhibits the production of mucus in the lungs,
reducing respiratory distress.
Acetylcysteine acts as a mucolytic agent by breaking disulphide
bonds in the proteins of mucous, which helps to thin and loosen
mucus in the airways.
7. If a patient is on Warfarin and requires treatment for a gonorrheal infection,
what should be considered regarding the use of Ceftriaxone?
, Ceftriaxone is contraindicated with Warfarin due to the risk of
altered vitamin K absorption.
Ceftriaxone can be safely used with Warfarin without any
adjustments.
Ceftriaxone enhances the effects of Warfarin, making it more
effective.
Ceftriaxone should be administered at a higher dose to counteract
Warfarin.
8. Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of ranitidine and its effect on
gastric acid secretion.
Ranitidine enhances the absorption of nutrients in the intestines.
Ranitidine stimulates the production of gastric acid by activating H2
receptors.
Ranitidine blocks the secretion of mucus in the stomach lining.
Ranitidine binds to H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, inhibiting
histamine-induced secretion of hydrochloric acid.
9. If a patient is prescribed tetracyclines and begins to experience symptoms
such as headaches and visual disturbances, what condition should be
considered as a potential side effect?
Anaphylaxis
Acute kidney injury
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Gastrointestinal bleeding
10. What is the trade name for Chlorpheniramine?
2025/2026 WITH 100% ACCURATE ANSWERS
1. Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of Ceftriaxone and its significance
in treating infections.
Ceftriaxone blocks DNA replication in bacteria.
Ceftriaxone inhibits protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes.
Ceftriaxone acts as a transpeptidase inhibitor, which is crucial for
disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
Ceftriaxone enhances the immune response against viral infections.
2. What is the trade name of Enalapril?
Vasotec
Captopril
Ramipril
Lisinopril
3. A patient with breast cancer is placed on tamoxifen/Novadex. Which of the
following statements BEST describes the mechanism of action of this drug?
Acts as an exogenous source of estrogen
Prevents endometrial hyperplasia
Inhibits pituitary gonadotropins
Blocks estrogen receptors in the breast
,4. What is the chemical name for Vitamin B3?
Niacin or nicotinic acid
, Riboflavin
Pyridoxine
Thiamine
5. Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of amiodarone and its relevance
to its therapeutic use.
Amiodarone inhibits calcium channels, reducing heart contractility.
Amiodarone enhances sodium channel activity, promoting
arrhythmias.
Amiodarone increases K+ channel activity, leading to faster heart
rates.
Amiodarone blocks K+ channels, which helps to stabilize heart
rhythm in conditions like CHF and cardiac arrhythmias.
6. Describe the mechanism of action of Acetylcysteine and its significance in
treating respiratory conditions.
Acetylcysteine acts as an antihistamine to relieve allergy symptoms.
Acetylcysteine promotes the secretion of mucus to clear the
airways.
Acetylcysteine inhibits the production of mucus in the lungs,
reducing respiratory distress.
Acetylcysteine acts as a mucolytic agent by breaking disulphide
bonds in the proteins of mucous, which helps to thin and loosen
mucus in the airways.
7. If a patient is on Warfarin and requires treatment for a gonorrheal infection,
what should be considered regarding the use of Ceftriaxone?
, Ceftriaxone is contraindicated with Warfarin due to the risk of
altered vitamin K absorption.
Ceftriaxone can be safely used with Warfarin without any
adjustments.
Ceftriaxone enhances the effects of Warfarin, making it more
effective.
Ceftriaxone should be administered at a higher dose to counteract
Warfarin.
8. Describe the mechanism of action (MOA) of ranitidine and its effect on
gastric acid secretion.
Ranitidine enhances the absorption of nutrients in the intestines.
Ranitidine stimulates the production of gastric acid by activating H2
receptors.
Ranitidine blocks the secretion of mucus in the stomach lining.
Ranitidine binds to H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells, inhibiting
histamine-induced secretion of hydrochloric acid.
9. If a patient is prescribed tetracyclines and begins to experience symptoms
such as headaches and visual disturbances, what condition should be
considered as a potential side effect?
Anaphylaxis
Acute kidney injury
Pseudotumor Cerebri
Gastrointestinal bleeding
10. What is the trade name for Chlorpheniramine?
