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Name some of the factors
Turfgrass management professionals must consider human
turfgrass managers must
safety, environmental safety, turf use(s), efficacy, and
consider when setting pest
economics.
management priorities.
Pest thresholds vary from site to site because they depend on
site characteristics and uses. For example, there may be zero
tolerance for pests of any sort on a gold green. On the other
hand, there may be no great need to control pests in the grassy
areas of an industrial site. However, setting thresholds in
Why do pest management
some sites - like a school athletic field or playground - may
thresholds in turf vary?
not be simple and clear-cut. A thick, uniform surface is ideal
for play areas, for optimum utility and safety. This, in turn,
means the tolerance for pests is low. However reliance on
pesticide use may not be acceptable for some recreational
sites, especially if the primary users of that site are children.
Use Best Management Practices (BMPs) for initial design,
installation, and maintenance programs. Begin by selecting
What is the first, most basic step
high quality, disease- and insect-free turfgrass. When
to take to manage pest
possible, plant or install resistant varieties. Choosing the right
problems? Explain your answer.
variety for the site and use(s) is essential. Next, good cultural
practices provide the best conditions for plant health.
, Why should you focus your
They are most likely to cause problems. Key pests, varieties,
attention on key pests, key
and locations require special monitoring and care.
varieties, or key locations?
A key pest is one that often reaches population densities that
justify management, and/or is capable of causing
What is a "key pest"? unacceptable damage at relatively low densities, and/or
attacks and damages turfgrass(es) in conspicuous or valuable
areas.
A "key variety" has a special "high profile" use. A variety that
sustains damage from pests on a regular basis, or has a
What is a "key variety"?
particular pest that can kill or disfigure it in low densities,
would also be considered a "key variety."
Key locations are heavily used or are significant in some way.
Describe a site that would be Areas where turfgrasses have chronic problems with pests,
considered a key location. and/or areas that are near something or someone requiring
special protection are "key locations."
Description of the type and extent of plant damage,
Name several things you need to identification of the pest, familiarity with the life cycle of the
make an accurate diagnosis of a pest, a good estimation of the size and distribution of the pest
pest problem. population, and an assessment of whether it is increasing or
decreasing.
Integrated Pest Management refers to the use of a
combination of pest control tactics. IPM programs use many
Define the term "Integrated Pest types of techniques in a single plan or strategy to reduce pests
Management." List IPM tactics and keep their damage to an acceptable level. IPM tactics
used in turfgrass pest control. include monitoring and early detection, sanitation, and
cultural, mechanical (physical), biological, and chemical
control methods.
Biological control involves using some aspect of the pest's
biology to control it. One example is the uyse of natural
enemies, biological agents that control a pest. Turfgrass
What is biological control? Give managers can preserve or encourage natural enemies already
one example. present in the system. Alternatively, they can introduce
commercially produced biological organisms. Biological
control also includes the use of pheromones or juvenile
hormones to control insects.
Biological control agents usually target specific pests.
What are some factors that Biological control agents must be able to move to - or be
influence the success of placed in contact with - the target pest. For that reason,
biological controls? application techniques influence success. Adoption of
biological control measures usually takes careful planning