Science Medicine Pulmonology Save
FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC)
4.6 (10 reviews)
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
Bronchoscopy & Chest Tubes Weakn... ch 2 positioning chest clinical indica... Pulmonary M1
50 terms 21 terms 113 terms 30
ayuvicel Preview shaerenaee Preview annarharris6 Preview
Terms in this set (322)
Ascites accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
-occurs with CHF
Venous distention
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
-indication of peripheral circulation
Capillary refill
-Normal < 3 seconds
-increase in bilirubin.
Jaundice skin color
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) -decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from
30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
Cheyne-Stokes
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
Biots
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
Kussmaul's
-Raspy voice
prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient
expiration
Apneustic
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
retractions -blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
Character of cough
-productive cough may indicate infection
, -short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
evidence of difficult airway
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air
pulsus paradoxus
trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
tactile fremitus
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous
Crepitus
emphysema
-hollow sound
Resonant percussion
-normal lungs
Flat percussion -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
Dull percussion
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
-heard over air-filled stomach.
Tympanic percussion
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
Hyperresonant
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds normal sounds in lungs
-normal sounds over airways.
bronchial breath sounds
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
Egophony
-lung consolidation
-increased intensity or transmission of the spoken voice and indicate
CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
-crackles
Rales
-secretions/fluid
-rhonchi
Coarse rales -LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
-middle airway secretions
medium rales
-needs CPT
-fluid in alveoli
Fine rales -CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
-due to bronchospasm
Wheeze -bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
, -upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
stridor -foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
-coarse grating or crunching sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
Pleural friction rub
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular
Heart Sound S₁
contraction
-closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
Heart Sound S₂
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ -abnormal and may suggest CHF
-abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as myocardial
Heart Sound S₄
infarction or cardiomegaly
-sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
Heart murmurs -heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
-sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or
Bruits flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
Blood pressure
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
-angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the chest wall
Costophrenic Angle
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
Diaphragm
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than
the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
-patient lying on affected side
Lateral decubitus CXR
-detecting small pleural effusions
-taken when patient is at end-exhalation
End expiratory film
-detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
-tip should be positioned below the vocal chords and no closer than 2 cm
or 1 inch above the carina.
-approx same level of the aortic knob/arch
Position of ET/Tracheostomy tube
-observation and auscultation will quickly determine adequate ventilation
before CXR is taken
-cuff should not extend over the end of the ET or tracheostomy tube
FULL REVIEW CRT/RRT (NBRC)
4.6 (10 reviews)
Students also studied
Flashcard sets Study guides
Bronchoscopy & Chest Tubes Weakn... ch 2 positioning chest clinical indica... Pulmonary M1
50 terms 21 terms 113 terms 30
ayuvicel Preview shaerenaee Preview annarharris6 Preview
Terms in this set (322)
Ascites accumulation of fluid in the abdomen caused by LIVER FAILURE
-occurs with CHF
Venous distention
-seen with obstructive patients (seen in exhalation phase)
-indication of peripheral circulation
Capillary refill
-Normal < 3 seconds
-increase in bilirubin.
Jaundice skin color
-mostly in face and trunk
Bradypnea (oligopnea) -decreased respiratory rate (<12bpm) variable depth and irregular rhythm
Hyperpnea -increased rate, depth, with regular rhythm
-gradually increasing then decreasing rate and depth in a cycle lasting from
30 - 180 secs, with apnea up to 60 secs
Cheyne-Stokes
-increased ICP, meningitis, overdose
-increased rate and depth with irregular periods of apnea
Biots
-CNS problem, head/brain injury
-increased rate, depth, irregular rhythm, breathing sounds labored
Kussmaul's
-Raspy voice
prolonged gasping inspiration followed by extremely short, insufficient
expiration
Apneustic
-respiratory center problems, trauma, tumor
cachectic muscle atrophy/loss of muscle tone
-chest moves inward during inspiratory efforts instead of outward
retractions -blocked airway in adults = INTUBATE
-RDS in infants
-dry, non-productive cough may indicate tumor in the lungs or asthma
Character of cough
-productive cough may indicate infection
, -short receding mandible (chin)
-enlarged tongue (macroglossia)
evidence of difficult airway
-bull neck
-limited neck range-of-motion
-pulse/blood pressure varies with respiration. may indicate severe air
pulsus paradoxus
trapping (status asthmaticus or cardiac tamponade)
-vibrations felt by hand on chest wall
-vocal fremitus: voice vibrations on the chest wall
tactile fremitus
-pleural rub fremitus: grating sensation due to roughened pleural spaces
-Rhonchial fremitus(palpable rhonchi): secretions in airways
-bubbles of air under skin that can be palpated and indicates subcutaneous
Crepitus
emphysema
-hollow sound
Resonant percussion
-normal lungs
Flat percussion -heard over sternum, muscles, or areas of atelectasis
-heard over fluid-filled organs such as heart or liver (thudding)
Dull percussion
-pleural effusion or pneumonia
-heard over air-filled stomach.
Tympanic percussion
-drum-like sound and when heard over lung = increased volume
-found where pneumothorax or emphysema is present.
Hyperresonant
-booming sound
vesicular breath sounds normal sounds in lungs
-normal sounds over airways.
bronchial breath sounds
-breath sounds over lungs indicate LUNG CONSOLIDATION
-patient instructed to say E and sounds like A.
Egophony
-lung consolidation
-increased intensity or transmission of the spoken voice and indicate
CONSOLIDATION or PNEUMONIA
Bronchophony / whisphered pectoriloquy
-increase in spoken voice = consolidation
-decrease in spoken voice = obstructon, pneumo, emphysema
-crackles
Rales
-secretions/fluid
-rhonchi
Coarse rales -LARGE airway secretions
-needs suctioning
-middle airway secretions
medium rales
-needs CPT
-fluid in alveoli
Fine rales -CHF, pulmonary edema
-IPPB, heart drugs, diuretics and O2
-due to bronchospasm
Wheeze -bronchodilator Tx
-unilateral wheeze indicative of a foreign body obstruction
, -upper airway obstruction
-supraglottic swelling (epiglottitis) (thumb sign)
-subglottic swelling (croup, postextubation) (steeple sign)
stridor -foreign body aspiration
-Racemic epinephrine
-intubation if MARKED stridor
-Lateral neck Xray for confirmation
-coarse grating or crunching sound
-visceral and parietal pleura rubbing together
Pleural friction rub
-associated with TB, pneumonia, pulmonary infarction, cancer
-steroids and antibiotics
-closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves at the beginning of ventricular
Heart Sound S₁
contraction
-closure of pulmonic and aortic valves
Heart Sound S₂
-occurs when systole ends; ventricles relax
Heart Sound S₃ -abnormal and may suggest CHF
-abnormal and indicative of cardiac abnormality such as myocardial
Heart Sound S₄
infarction or cardiomegaly
-sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
Heart murmurs -heart valve defects or congenital heart abnormalities
-can occur when blood is pushed through an abnormal opening (ASD, PDA)
-sounds made in an artery or vein when blood flow becomes turbulent or
Bruits flows at an abnormal speed.
-usually heard via stethoscope over the identified vessel (carotid artery)
-systolic and diastolic pressures
-sphygmomanometer to measure cuff pressures
Blood pressure
-↑BP = cardiac stress = hypoxemia
-↓BP = poor perfusion = hypovolemia, CHF
-angle made by the outer curve of the diaphragm and the chest wall
Costophrenic Angle
-obliterated by pleural effusions and pneumonia
-dome shaped normally
-flattened with COPD
-hemidiaphragms may shift downward with pneumothorax
Diaphragm
-right hemidiaphragm is level of 6th anterior rib and slightly higher than
the left
-right lung: 55% and appear larger than left lung
-patient lying on affected side
Lateral decubitus CXR
-detecting small pleural effusions
-taken when patient is at end-exhalation
End expiratory film
-detecting small pneumothorax/foreign body aspiration (FBA)
-tip should be positioned below the vocal chords and no closer than 2 cm
or 1 inch above the carina.
-approx same level of the aortic knob/arch
Position of ET/Tracheostomy tube
-observation and auscultation will quickly determine adequate ventilation
before CXR is taken
-cuff should not extend over the end of the ET or tracheostomy tube
