Bontrager; Radiographic Positioning
Final Exam with Accurate Solutions
The first general rule in diagnostic radiology suggest that a minimum of ______
projections be taken _______ degrees from each other as possible are required for
most radiographic procedures. - ANS-2 projections; 90 degrees
The direction or path of the central ray of the x-ray beam defines the following
positioning term: - ANS-Projection
A patient is erect with their back to the IR. The left side of the body is turned 45 degrees
toward the IR. What is this position? - ANS-Left posterior oblique (LPO)
The patient is erect with the right side of the body against the IR. The x-ray beam enters
the left side of the body. Which specific position has been used? - ANS-Right lateral
T/F The term caudal means toward the head - ANS-False, caudal means toward the
feet
A patient is recumbent facing the IR. The right side of the body is turned 15 degrees
toward the IR. What is this position? - ANS-Right anterior oblique (RAO)
What is the name of the position in which the body is turned 90 degrees from a true AP
or PA projection? - ANS-Lateral position
Lying on the back facing upward - ANS-Supine
Top or anterior surface of the foot - ANS-Dorsum
Back half of the patient - ANS-Posterior
Lying down in any position - ANS-Recumbent
To have a lateral decubitus position or projection on must have a ________ beam. -
ANS-Horizontal beam
T/F The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx -
ANS-False
,The symphysis pubis provides limited movement during pelvic trauma and during: -
ANS-Labor and delivery
Which gender corresponds to the obtuse angle of the pubic arch? - ANS-Female pelvis
Which gender corresponds to the acute angle of the pubic arch? - ANS-
A. Acetabulum
B. Femoral head
C. Femoral neck
D. Shaft or body
E. Area of lesser trochanter
F. Area of greater trochanter
G. Ischial tuberosity - ANS-Name the structures labeled on the lateral hip:
1. Symphysis pubis
2. Obturator foramen
3. Ischial tuberosity
4. Lesser trochanter
5. Shaft or body
6. Femoral head
7. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
8. Acetabulum
9. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) - ANS-Name the structures labeled on the
unilateral hip:
A. Iliac crest
B. ASIS (anterior end of crest)
C. Body of left ischium
D. Ischial tuberosity
E. Symphysis pubis (Pubic symphysis)
F. Inferior ramus of the right pubis
G. Superior ramus of the right pubis
H. Right ischial spine
I. Acetabulum of the right hip
J. Neck of the right femur
K. Greater trochanter of the right femur
L. Head of the right femur
M. Ala, or wing , of the right ilium - ANS-Name the structures labeled on the AP pelvis:
1. PSIS of the ilium
2. Posterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
3. Greater sciatic notch of the ischium
4. Upper body of the ilium
5. Ischial spine of the ischium
6. Lesser sciatic notch of the ischium
, 7. Ischial tuberosity of the ischium
8. Iliac crest of the ilium
9. ASIS of the ilium
10. Anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
11. Acetabulum of the ischium, ilium and pubis
12. Inferior ramus of the ischium - ANS-Name the structures and the bone labeled on
the lateral view of the pelvis:
Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis? - ANS-Midway between the
ASIS and the symphysis pubis
A radiograph of an AP hip reveals that the lesser trochanter is not visible. This pelvis
projection was performed for non traumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if
anything) to correct on the repeat exposure? - ANS-Do nothing. Accept the radiograph
and don't repeat the exposure
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip reveals a soft tissue
artifact seen across the affected hip. This artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral
head and neck. What must the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect
during the repeat exposure? - ANS-Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient's
unaffected leg
A patient enters the ED having a sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patient's main
complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to
rule out fracture or dislocation? - ANS-AP pelvis, should be taken first and reviewed by
a radiologist before attempting to rotate the hip into another position
A patient to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care
facility and is confused about the case of the injury. The technologist takes an AP
pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains
loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete
the study? - ANS-Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
T/F For a non-trauma hip the basic projections are an AP pelvis, AP unilateral hip and
an AP unilateral frog-leg - ANS-True
Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum? - ANS-Ischium, pubis and ilium
T/F If a patient is suspect to having a fracture of the femoral neck, the radiographer
should do the AP pelvis projection without internally rotating the lower leg - ANS-True
T/F According to lecture a "Baker's Cyst" is located in the posterior aspect of the knee
joint - ANS-True
A radiograph of a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus reveals that the
calcaneus is foreshortened. What type of positioning error led to this radiographic
Final Exam with Accurate Solutions
The first general rule in diagnostic radiology suggest that a minimum of ______
projections be taken _______ degrees from each other as possible are required for
most radiographic procedures. - ANS-2 projections; 90 degrees
The direction or path of the central ray of the x-ray beam defines the following
positioning term: - ANS-Projection
A patient is erect with their back to the IR. The left side of the body is turned 45 degrees
toward the IR. What is this position? - ANS-Left posterior oblique (LPO)
The patient is erect with the right side of the body against the IR. The x-ray beam enters
the left side of the body. Which specific position has been used? - ANS-Right lateral
T/F The term caudal means toward the head - ANS-False, caudal means toward the
feet
A patient is recumbent facing the IR. The right side of the body is turned 15 degrees
toward the IR. What is this position? - ANS-Right anterior oblique (RAO)
What is the name of the position in which the body is turned 90 degrees from a true AP
or PA projection? - ANS-Lateral position
Lying on the back facing upward - ANS-Supine
Top or anterior surface of the foot - ANS-Dorsum
Back half of the patient - ANS-Posterior
Lying down in any position - ANS-Recumbent
To have a lateral decubitus position or projection on must have a ________ beam. -
ANS-Horizontal beam
T/F The term pelvic girdle refers to the total pelvis including the sacrum and coccyx -
ANS-False
,The symphysis pubis provides limited movement during pelvic trauma and during: -
ANS-Labor and delivery
Which gender corresponds to the obtuse angle of the pubic arch? - ANS-Female pelvis
Which gender corresponds to the acute angle of the pubic arch? - ANS-
A. Acetabulum
B. Femoral head
C. Femoral neck
D. Shaft or body
E. Area of lesser trochanter
F. Area of greater trochanter
G. Ischial tuberosity - ANS-Name the structures labeled on the lateral hip:
1. Symphysis pubis
2. Obturator foramen
3. Ischial tuberosity
4. Lesser trochanter
5. Shaft or body
6. Femoral head
7. Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine
8. Acetabulum
9. Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) - ANS-Name the structures labeled on the
unilateral hip:
A. Iliac crest
B. ASIS (anterior end of crest)
C. Body of left ischium
D. Ischial tuberosity
E. Symphysis pubis (Pubic symphysis)
F. Inferior ramus of the right pubis
G. Superior ramus of the right pubis
H. Right ischial spine
I. Acetabulum of the right hip
J. Neck of the right femur
K. Greater trochanter of the right femur
L. Head of the right femur
M. Ala, or wing , of the right ilium - ANS-Name the structures labeled on the AP pelvis:
1. PSIS of the ilium
2. Posterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
3. Greater sciatic notch of the ischium
4. Upper body of the ilium
5. Ischial spine of the ischium
6. Lesser sciatic notch of the ischium
, 7. Ischial tuberosity of the ischium
8. Iliac crest of the ilium
9. ASIS of the ilium
10. Anterior inferior iliac spine of ilium
11. Acetabulum of the ischium, ilium and pubis
12. Inferior ramus of the ischium - ANS-Name the structures and the bone labeled on
the lateral view of the pelvis:
Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis? - ANS-Midway between the
ASIS and the symphysis pubis
A radiograph of an AP hip reveals that the lesser trochanter is not visible. This pelvis
projection was performed for non traumatic reasons. What should the technologist do (if
anything) to correct on the repeat exposure? - ANS-Do nothing. Accept the radiograph
and don't repeat the exposure
A radiograph of an axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection of the hip reveals a soft tissue
artifact seen across the affected hip. This artifact prevents a clear view of the femoral
head and neck. What must the technologist do to eliminate this artifact or its effect
during the repeat exposure? - ANS-Increase the elevation and flexion of the patient's
unaffected leg
A patient enters the ED having a sustained trauma to the pelvis. The patient's main
complaint is about her left hip. Which of the following projections should be taken first to
rule out fracture or dislocation? - ANS-AP pelvis, should be taken first and reviewed by
a radiologist before attempting to rotate the hip into another position
A patient to radiology with a request for a right hip study. He is from an extended care
facility and is confused about the case of the injury. The technologist takes an AP
pelvis, and when the lateral frog-leg projection is attempted, the patient complains
loudly about the pain in his affected hip. What should the technologist do to complete
the study? - ANS-Perform the axiolateral (inferosuperior) projection
T/F For a non-trauma hip the basic projections are an AP pelvis, AP unilateral hip and
an AP unilateral frog-leg - ANS-True
Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum? - ANS-Ischium, pubis and ilium
T/F If a patient is suspect to having a fracture of the femoral neck, the radiographer
should do the AP pelvis projection without internally rotating the lower leg - ANS-True
T/F According to lecture a "Baker's Cyst" is located in the posterior aspect of the knee
joint - ANS-True
A radiograph of a plantodorsal axial projection of the calcaneus reveals that the
calcaneus is foreshortened. What type of positioning error led to this radiographic
