NURS 485 COMPLETE EXAM
GUIDE FROM LATEST UPDATE
Father of epidemiology and why
John Snow – In the 1800s in parts of London, cholera was occurring at higher-
than-normal rates, epidemiologists at the time attributed the illness to being
airborne. John Snow conducted his own observational study and found that
those who obtained water from certain water pumps were getting sick at
higher rates than others throughout London. His study was the first of its
kind that made a remarkable difference in the health and lives of groups of
people.
Three elements of epidemiologic triangle
- Agent, host, environment
Agents are the “thing.” They are the source of disease or disability. The host
is who is affected by the agent. The host also has many aspects that make
them susceptible to the agent (genetic components, lifestyle factors,
immutable characteristics, etc.). The environment lends itself to making the
host more susceptible and allowing the agent to thrive or not (climate,
human population, social determinants of health, working conditions, etc.).
,Two types of epidemiological studies
- Experimental studies – researcher exposes the participants to some
sort of intervention or treatment and compares them to a control
group. Experimental groups expose participants to positive
interventions. – Observational studies – observe groups of people
already exposed to an intervention and compare them with a non-
exposed group.
Challenge that data presents to epidemiologists
Data on its own is unreliable and requires people to interpret it.
Epidemiologists must look at the context of the data and what is being
studied. “Correlation does not always imply causation” is a principle that
epidemiologists must study seriously before drawing conclusions. Numerous
evidence pieces are required to make sound conclusions.
How data is used in epidemiology
, Data and evidence are essential for epidemiologists and models,
frameworks, and criteria are crucial to successful and accurate
epidemiological conclusions.
How epidemiology affects nursing
Epidemiology is the essence of public health and public health nursing. No
matter where you will be practicing, you will be required to understand the
principles of risk, predictive and protective factors, the levels of prevention,
and the data that your patient presents with in order to successfully draw
conclusions about their health. Epidemiology also relies heavily on social
determinants of health and the ways in which people are protected by their
social determinants of health or how they are predictive factors of poor
health outcomes. Understanding and embracing these data collection
techniques and epidemiological principles will help you provide holistic care.
Three guiding principles of culturally competent nursing care
a. Care must be client-centered (designed for the specific client, family or
community)
b. Care must be based on the uniqueness of the client's culture and
incorporates the cultural norms and values of the client in the management
of the care plan.
c. Self-empowerment strategies of the client are identified and viewed as
strengths to facilitate client decision making and self-care management in
health and illness situations.
GUIDE FROM LATEST UPDATE
Father of epidemiology and why
John Snow – In the 1800s in parts of London, cholera was occurring at higher-
than-normal rates, epidemiologists at the time attributed the illness to being
airborne. John Snow conducted his own observational study and found that
those who obtained water from certain water pumps were getting sick at
higher rates than others throughout London. His study was the first of its
kind that made a remarkable difference in the health and lives of groups of
people.
Three elements of epidemiologic triangle
- Agent, host, environment
Agents are the “thing.” They are the source of disease or disability. The host
is who is affected by the agent. The host also has many aspects that make
them susceptible to the agent (genetic components, lifestyle factors,
immutable characteristics, etc.). The environment lends itself to making the
host more susceptible and allowing the agent to thrive or not (climate,
human population, social determinants of health, working conditions, etc.).
,Two types of epidemiological studies
- Experimental studies – researcher exposes the participants to some
sort of intervention or treatment and compares them to a control
group. Experimental groups expose participants to positive
interventions. – Observational studies – observe groups of people
already exposed to an intervention and compare them with a non-
exposed group.
Challenge that data presents to epidemiologists
Data on its own is unreliable and requires people to interpret it.
Epidemiologists must look at the context of the data and what is being
studied. “Correlation does not always imply causation” is a principle that
epidemiologists must study seriously before drawing conclusions. Numerous
evidence pieces are required to make sound conclusions.
How data is used in epidemiology
, Data and evidence are essential for epidemiologists and models,
frameworks, and criteria are crucial to successful and accurate
epidemiological conclusions.
How epidemiology affects nursing
Epidemiology is the essence of public health and public health nursing. No
matter where you will be practicing, you will be required to understand the
principles of risk, predictive and protective factors, the levels of prevention,
and the data that your patient presents with in order to successfully draw
conclusions about their health. Epidemiology also relies heavily on social
determinants of health and the ways in which people are protected by their
social determinants of health or how they are predictive factors of poor
health outcomes. Understanding and embracing these data collection
techniques and epidemiological principles will help you provide holistic care.
Three guiding principles of culturally competent nursing care
a. Care must be client-centered (designed for the specific client, family or
community)
b. Care must be based on the uniqueness of the client's culture and
incorporates the cultural norms and values of the client in the management
of the care plan.
c. Self-empowerment strategies of the client are identified and viewed as
strengths to facilitate client decision making and self-care management in
health and illness situations.
