KHP 350 FINAL EXAM SCHOLARLY QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS
What are the general functions and structures of skeletal muscle? - Answer -Heat,
movement, joint stability
How do the zones (H-zone, a-band, I-band, Z-line, M-line) change with concentric
muscle contraction? Eccentric? Isometric? - Answer -Concentric: short, same, short,
short. Eccentric: long, same, long, long. Isometric: all same.
How are motor units recruited? What principle is this? - Answer -Smallest to largest:
Type 1, Type 2A, Type 2X : motor unit recruitment
What is the contractile unit of the cell? - Answer -Sarcomere
What are the different types of muscle fibers? - Answer -Type 1 (slow twitch): slow
oxidative
Type 2 (fast twitch) :
Type 2a: Fast- oxidative glycolytic
Type 2x: Fast- glycolytic
What comprises a motor unit? - Answer -A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it
innervates
What is muscle hypertrophy? Hyperplasia? - Answer -Hypertrophy: growth or change in
size of the muscle. Hyperplasia: increase in the number of cells or fibers.
Which proprioceptor senses stretch? Tension? - Answer -Muscle Spindle: Stretch
Golgi Tendon Organs: Tension
What is the training principle of reversibility? Overload? Progression? - Answer -
Progression: loads must increase
What valves are the atrial-ventricular (AV)? - Answer -Bicuspid Valve and Tricuspid
Valve
What valves are referred to as semilunar? - Answer -Aortic Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Describe the components of a EKG tracing including the P wave, QRS complex, and T
wave. - Answer -P wave: atrial depolarization
QRS Complex: Ventricular Depolarization
T wave: Ventricular Repolarization
, What is an agonist muscle? - Answer -Muscle being contracted
What is an antagonist muscle? - Answer -Opposite muscle being contracted
Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions? - Answer -Calcium
Which of the following substances acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the
muscle fibers of a motor unit? - Answer -Acetylcholine
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just before throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - Answer -Muscle spindle
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complx of a typical ECG? - Answer -
Repolarization of the atrium
Depolarization of the ventricle
What are the 3 anatomical planes of the body? Which of the planes are the following
movements are in: - Answer -Sagittal: elbow flexion/extension, shoulder
flexion/extension, neck tilt, lower back flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, ankle
dorsiflexion/flexion, knee flexion/extension. Frontal: shoulder abduction/adduction, hip
abduction/adduction.
Transverse: shoulder internal rotation, neck rotation.
What is work? How do you calculate work? - Answer -W=F*D
What is power? How do you calculate power? - Answer -P=W/T
What is a moment arm? How does the moment arm affect force production? How does
the patella affect the moment arm? Does this increase or decrease the mechanical
advantage? - Answer -Perpendicular distance between the line of action of force to the
fulcrum. Patella increases MA of quads; lengthens tendon distance from knee axis of
rotation.
Weight belts? Good or bad? - Answer -Good if maxing out but for normal training I
would not use
A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the
following anatomical planes? - Answer -Sagittal
What are common errors associated with the deadlift? - Answer -Bent over back, chest
not upright
What type of grip should spotters use? - Answer -Alternated grip
ANSWERS
What are the general functions and structures of skeletal muscle? - Answer -Heat,
movement, joint stability
How do the zones (H-zone, a-band, I-band, Z-line, M-line) change with concentric
muscle contraction? Eccentric? Isometric? - Answer -Concentric: short, same, short,
short. Eccentric: long, same, long, long. Isometric: all same.
How are motor units recruited? What principle is this? - Answer -Smallest to largest:
Type 1, Type 2A, Type 2X : motor unit recruitment
What is the contractile unit of the cell? - Answer -Sarcomere
What are the different types of muscle fibers? - Answer -Type 1 (slow twitch): slow
oxidative
Type 2 (fast twitch) :
Type 2a: Fast- oxidative glycolytic
Type 2x: Fast- glycolytic
What comprises a motor unit? - Answer -A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it
innervates
What is muscle hypertrophy? Hyperplasia? - Answer -Hypertrophy: growth or change in
size of the muscle. Hyperplasia: increase in the number of cells or fibers.
Which proprioceptor senses stretch? Tension? - Answer -Muscle Spindle: Stretch
Golgi Tendon Organs: Tension
What is the training principle of reversibility? Overload? Progression? - Answer -
Progression: loads must increase
What valves are the atrial-ventricular (AV)? - Answer -Bicuspid Valve and Tricuspid
Valve
What valves are referred to as semilunar? - Answer -Aortic Semilunar Valve
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Describe the components of a EKG tracing including the P wave, QRS complex, and T
wave. - Answer -P wave: atrial depolarization
QRS Complex: Ventricular Depolarization
T wave: Ventricular Repolarization
, What is an agonist muscle? - Answer -Muscle being contracted
What is an antagonist muscle? - Answer -Opposite muscle being contracted
Which of the following substances regulates muscle actions? - Answer -Calcium
Which of the following substances acts at the neuromuscular junction to excite the
muscle fibers of a motor unit? - Answer -Acetylcholine
When throwing a baseball, an athlete's arm is rapidly stretched just before throwing the
ball. Which of the following structures detects and responds to that stretch by reflexively
increasing muscle activity? - Answer -Muscle spindle
Which of the following occurs during the QRS complx of a typical ECG? - Answer -
Repolarization of the atrium
Depolarization of the ventricle
What are the 3 anatomical planes of the body? Which of the planes are the following
movements are in: - Answer -Sagittal: elbow flexion/extension, shoulder
flexion/extension, neck tilt, lower back flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, ankle
dorsiflexion/flexion, knee flexion/extension. Frontal: shoulder abduction/adduction, hip
abduction/adduction.
Transverse: shoulder internal rotation, neck rotation.
What is work? How do you calculate work? - Answer -W=F*D
What is power? How do you calculate power? - Answer -P=W/T
What is a moment arm? How does the moment arm affect force production? How does
the patella affect the moment arm? Does this increase or decrease the mechanical
advantage? - Answer -Perpendicular distance between the line of action of force to the
fulcrum. Patella increases MA of quads; lengthens tendon distance from knee axis of
rotation.
Weight belts? Good or bad? - Answer -Good if maxing out but for normal training I
would not use
A vertical jump involves knee, hip, and shoulder movement primarily in which of the
following anatomical planes? - Answer -Sagittal
What are common errors associated with the deadlift? - Answer -Bent over back, chest
not upright
What type of grip should spotters use? - Answer -Alternated grip
