KHP 350 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
1. agonist: the muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement; prime mover
2. antagonist: a muscle that can slow down or stop the movement
3. synergist: a muscle that assists indirectly in a movement
4. mechanical advantage: Ratio of the output force exerted by a machine to the input force applied to the
machine.
5. third-class lever: MOST COMMON
6. how do most muscles operate: at a mechanical disadvantage
7. how does tendon insertion effect lifting?: if it is farther from the joint center, it results in the
ability to lift heavier
8. sagittal plane: divides body into left and right
9. frontal plane: divides body into front and back
10. transverse plane: horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
11. strength: the capacity to exert force at any given speed
12. acceleration: the change in velocity per unit of time
13. power: "explosive strength" also as the time rate of doing work (work/time)
14. work: the product of force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction the force is
exerted (force x displacement)
15. negative work: work performed on (not by) a muscle occurring during eccentric muscles
16. angular displacement: the angle through which an object rotates
17. rate coding: determining the rate which the motor units are fired
18. muscle length at rest: actin & myosin filaments lie next to each other, maximal cross bridge sites are
available with the greatest force
19. muscle length when stretched: smaller portion of actin and myosin filaments next to one another, fewer
cross bridge sites and not as much force generated
20. muscle length when contracted: the actin filaments OVERLAP, cross bridge sites are reduced and
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, there is decreased force generation
21. muscle contraction velocity: nonlinear but the force capability of muscle declines as the velocity of
contraction increases
22. strength-to-mass ratio: directly relates to an athlete's ability to accelerate his or her body
23. fluid resistance: resistive force encountered by an object moving through a fluid (liquid or gas) or by a fluid
moving past or around an object or through an opening
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1. agonist: the muscle most directly involved in bringing about a movement; prime mover
2. antagonist: a muscle that can slow down or stop the movement
3. synergist: a muscle that assists indirectly in a movement
4. mechanical advantage: Ratio of the output force exerted by a machine to the input force applied to the
machine.
5. third-class lever: MOST COMMON
6. how do most muscles operate: at a mechanical disadvantage
7. how does tendon insertion effect lifting?: if it is farther from the joint center, it results in the
ability to lift heavier
8. sagittal plane: divides body into left and right
9. frontal plane: divides body into front and back
10. transverse plane: horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions
11. strength: the capacity to exert force at any given speed
12. acceleration: the change in velocity per unit of time
13. power: "explosive strength" also as the time rate of doing work (work/time)
14. work: the product of force exerted on an object and the distance the object moves in the direction the force is
exerted (force x displacement)
15. negative work: work performed on (not by) a muscle occurring during eccentric muscles
16. angular displacement: the angle through which an object rotates
17. rate coding: determining the rate which the motor units are fired
18. muscle length at rest: actin & myosin filaments lie next to each other, maximal cross bridge sites are
available with the greatest force
19. muscle length when stretched: smaller portion of actin and myosin filaments next to one another, fewer
cross bridge sites and not as much force generated
20. muscle length when contracted: the actin filaments OVERLAP, cross bridge sites are reduced and
1/9
, there is decreased force generation
21. muscle contraction velocity: nonlinear but the force capability of muscle declines as the velocity of
contraction increases
22. strength-to-mass ratio: directly relates to an athlete's ability to accelerate his or her body
23. fluid resistance: resistive force encountered by an object moving through a fluid (liquid or gas) or by a fluid
moving past or around an object or through an opening
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