Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
1. Who regulates pituitary gland
hypothalamus
secre- tion?
2. What is a hormone and how does it act? Hormones are chemical messengers
that are re-
sponsible for regulation. They are secreted
into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific
actions on target tissues, which are any
tissue that has specific receptors for that
particular hormone.
3. Compare and contrast glucagon and in- Glucagon stimulates the liver to
break down
sulin. glycogen and convert noncarbohydrates into
glucose and it stimulates the breakdown of
fats. Insulin promotes the formation of
glycogen from glucose, inhibits
conversion of noncarbo- hydrates into
glucose, and enhances movement of
glucose through adipose and muscle cell
membranes, decreasing blood glucose
concen- tration and promotes transport of
amino acids into cells, as well as
enhances synthesis of pro- teins and
fats.
Both work to keep blood glucose concentration
constant, but glucagon breaks down
4. How are pheromones different glycogen into glucose and insulin forms
than hormones? glycogen from glucose.
is a chemical signal sent between members of
the same species. Are a type of hormone
that are released in small quantities and
1/
69
, Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
play a big role in physical attraction between people.
5. How is inhibin used in the body? Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland by
nega-
tive feedback. This action prevents over secre-
2/
69
, Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
tion of FSH. It is secreted by cells of the
testes and ovaries. FSH is secreted by
anterior pituitary gland. It is a glycoprotein
hormone.
6. Differentiate between
paracrine, au- tocrine, Paracrine - hormones enter the interstitial
endocrine, and exocrine glands. fluid but attect only neighboring cells.
Autocrine - hormones attect only the
secreting cell.
Endocrine - hormones are secreted from
the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and
act on target cells.
Exocrine - secretions enter tubes or ducts
that lead to body surfaces.
7. Describe steroid hormones. Sex hormones and adrenal cortex
hormones.
Steroid hormones dittuse through cell
mem- branes and enter cytoplasm or
nucleus. Then they combine with a
receptor molecule, which together bind to
DNA and promote transcription of
messenger RNA. mRNA enters the
cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis.
Newly synthesized proteins produce
hormone's specific ettects.
8. Describe tropic hormones. They stimulate the activity of endocrine
glands
than those secreting them.
9. Describe normal blood: number Describe normal blood: number of
of each cell type, pH.
each cell type, pH.
3/
69
, Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT
Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood
volume is about 5 L. RBC count
is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males,
4,200,000-5,400,000 in females. WBC are usual-
4/
69
Ivy Tech
1. Who regulates pituitary gland
hypothalamus
secre- tion?
2. What is a hormone and how does it act? Hormones are chemical messengers
that are re-
sponsible for regulation. They are secreted
into body fluids, mainly blood. It has specific
actions on target tissues, which are any
tissue that has specific receptors for that
particular hormone.
3. Compare and contrast glucagon and in- Glucagon stimulates the liver to
break down
sulin. glycogen and convert noncarbohydrates into
glucose and it stimulates the breakdown of
fats. Insulin promotes the formation of
glycogen from glucose, inhibits
conversion of noncarbo- hydrates into
glucose, and enhances movement of
glucose through adipose and muscle cell
membranes, decreasing blood glucose
concen- tration and promotes transport of
amino acids into cells, as well as
enhances synthesis of pro- teins and
fats.
Both work to keep blood glucose concentration
constant, but glucagon breaks down
4. How are pheromones different glycogen into glucose and insulin forms
than hormones? glycogen from glucose.
is a chemical signal sent between members of
the same species. Are a type of hormone
that are released in small quantities and
1/
69
, Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
play a big role in physical attraction between people.
5. How is inhibin used in the body? Inhibits the anterior pituitary gland by
nega-
tive feedback. This action prevents over secre-
2/
69
, Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
tion of FSH. It is secreted by cells of the
testes and ovaries. FSH is secreted by
anterior pituitary gland. It is a glycoprotein
hormone.
6. Differentiate between
paracrine, au- tocrine, Paracrine - hormones enter the interstitial
endocrine, and exocrine glands. fluid but attect only neighboring cells.
Autocrine - hormones attect only the
secreting cell.
Endocrine - hormones are secreted from
the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream and
act on target cells.
Exocrine - secretions enter tubes or ducts
that lead to body surfaces.
7. Describe steroid hormones. Sex hormones and adrenal cortex
hormones.
Steroid hormones dittuse through cell
mem- branes and enter cytoplasm or
nucleus. Then they combine with a
receptor molecule, which together bind to
DNA and promote transcription of
messenger RNA. mRNA enters the
cytoplasm and directs protein synthesis.
Newly synthesized proteins produce
hormone's specific ettects.
8. Describe tropic hormones. They stimulate the activity of endocrine
glands
than those secreting them.
9. Describe normal blood: number Describe normal blood: number of
of each cell type, pH.
each cell type, pH.
3/
69
, Anatomy & Physiology II (A&P 102) Final Exam Prep –
Ivy Tech
CLICK THE CARD TO FLIP IT
Blood is about 8% of body weight. Adult blood
volume is about 5 L. RBC count
is usually 4,600,000-6,200,000 in males,
4,200,000-5,400,000 in females. WBC are usual-
4/
69
