Pathophysiology Final (HESI)
when maintained well, maintains skin and mucous membranes and is also essential in reducing
host susceptibility
nutrition
pts with advanced cancer are often ____
malnourished
involves the administration of a nutrient mixture directly into a peripheral vein
total parenteral nutrition
asymptomatic disease with mild discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation and flatulence which can
be excused for other reasons
diverticulosis
during acute episodes, food intake should be reduced along with antimicrobial drugs taken as
needed; treated by increasing the bulk in the diet, omitting foods such as seeds or popcorn, and
encouraging regular bowel movements without constipation
diverticulosis
includes the pituitary gland, the two adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, the four parathyroid
glands, the endocrine portion of the pancreas, the gonads, the pineal gland, and the thymus
endocrine glands
secrete hormones directly into the blood, in contrast to exocrine glands that secrete into a duct
endocrine glands
chemical messengers that affect blood glucose levels, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine,
cortisol, and growth hormone
,hormones
develops more frequently in patients with Type 2 diabetes; often the patient is an older person
with an infection or one who has overindulged in carbs, thereby using more insulin than
anticipated
HHNC
condition may be difficult to diagnose initially; severe cellular dehydration results in neurologic
deficits, muscle weakness, difficulties with speech, and abnormal reflexes
HHNC
hyperglycemia and dehydration develop because of the relative insulin deficit, but sufficient
insulin is available to prevent ketoacidosis
HHNC
#1 nursing intervention with a patient who has HHNC is:
maintain a patent airway!
low __ ___ is a risk factor for osteoporosis
bone mass
have higher risk for osteoporosis
women
2 most critical stages of life in which osteoporosis can develop
children and elderly
osteoporosis is common in older individuals, especially ____ women with ___ deficiency
postmenopausal, estrogen
activity is less effective with advancing age
osteoblastic activity
decreased ____, ____ factors, ___ deficits, low vitamin ___, or low ___ are all factors of
osteoporosis
mobility, hormonal, calcium, D, protein
excessive ___ intake is a contributor to osteoporosis
, caffeine
positive results of a pregnancy test are based on the presence of this
hCG
some pregnancy tests can detect pregnancy as early as:
the first day following a missed period
a second pregnancy test is recommended within a ___ if the first test is negative
week
this kind of pregnancy test should be performed if it is ectopic
serum pregnancy test
this level is expected to double about every 48 hours in a normal pregnancy; if failed to double,
the pregnancy may be ectopic
beta- hCG
administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disorders
vitamin K
the sterile gut of a newborn lacks intestinal bacteria necessary for the synthesis of this vitamin
vitamin K
required for the production of clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen
Vitamin K
results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, constriction of the pericardium by tumor,
or pericarditis secondary to radiation therapy to the chest
cardiac tamponade
manifestations include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of breath, tachycardia, cough,
dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, excessive perspiration, decreased level of
consciousness, pulses paradoxes, distant or muted heart sounds, and extreme anxiety, neck vein
distension
cardiac tamponade
a medical emergency; pericardiocentesis with surgical repair as appropriate is needed (16-18
gauge needle inserted into pericardial space to relieve pressure and analyze fluid)
when maintained well, maintains skin and mucous membranes and is also essential in reducing
host susceptibility
nutrition
pts with advanced cancer are often ____
malnourished
involves the administration of a nutrient mixture directly into a peripheral vein
total parenteral nutrition
asymptomatic disease with mild discomfort, diarrhea, or constipation and flatulence which can
be excused for other reasons
diverticulosis
during acute episodes, food intake should be reduced along with antimicrobial drugs taken as
needed; treated by increasing the bulk in the diet, omitting foods such as seeds or popcorn, and
encouraging regular bowel movements without constipation
diverticulosis
includes the pituitary gland, the two adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, the four parathyroid
glands, the endocrine portion of the pancreas, the gonads, the pineal gland, and the thymus
endocrine glands
secrete hormones directly into the blood, in contrast to exocrine glands that secrete into a duct
endocrine glands
chemical messengers that affect blood glucose levels, including insulin, glucagon, epinephrine,
cortisol, and growth hormone
,hormones
develops more frequently in patients with Type 2 diabetes; often the patient is an older person
with an infection or one who has overindulged in carbs, thereby using more insulin than
anticipated
HHNC
condition may be difficult to diagnose initially; severe cellular dehydration results in neurologic
deficits, muscle weakness, difficulties with speech, and abnormal reflexes
HHNC
hyperglycemia and dehydration develop because of the relative insulin deficit, but sufficient
insulin is available to prevent ketoacidosis
HHNC
#1 nursing intervention with a patient who has HHNC is:
maintain a patent airway!
low __ ___ is a risk factor for osteoporosis
bone mass
have higher risk for osteoporosis
women
2 most critical stages of life in which osteoporosis can develop
children and elderly
osteoporosis is common in older individuals, especially ____ women with ___ deficiency
postmenopausal, estrogen
activity is less effective with advancing age
osteoblastic activity
decreased ____, ____ factors, ___ deficits, low vitamin ___, or low ___ are all factors of
osteoporosis
mobility, hormonal, calcium, D, protein
excessive ___ intake is a contributor to osteoporosis
, caffeine
positive results of a pregnancy test are based on the presence of this
hCG
some pregnancy tests can detect pregnancy as early as:
the first day following a missed period
a second pregnancy test is recommended within a ___ if the first test is negative
week
this kind of pregnancy test should be performed if it is ectopic
serum pregnancy test
this level is expected to double about every 48 hours in a normal pregnancy; if failed to double,
the pregnancy may be ectopic
beta- hCG
administered to newborns to prevent hemorrhagic disorders
vitamin K
the sterile gut of a newborn lacks intestinal bacteria necessary for the synthesis of this vitamin
vitamin K
required for the production of clotting factors such as prothrombin and fibrinogen
Vitamin K
results from fluid accumulation in the pericardial sac, constriction of the pericardium by tumor,
or pericarditis secondary to radiation therapy to the chest
cardiac tamponade
manifestations include heavy feelings over the chest, shortness of breath, tachycardia, cough,
dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness, nausea, vomiting, excessive perspiration, decreased level of
consciousness, pulses paradoxes, distant or muted heart sounds, and extreme anxiety, neck vein
distension
cardiac tamponade
a medical emergency; pericardiocentesis with surgical repair as appropriate is needed (16-18
gauge needle inserted into pericardial space to relieve pressure and analyze fluid)
