TEST BANK GENERAL CHEMISTRY EXPERT-VERIFIED
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS – NEWLY RELEASED!
Periodic Law - CORRECT ANSWERS-States that when the elements are arranged by increasing
atomic number, there is periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.
Group - CORRECT ANSWERS-A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; also called a
family. Elements in the same group tend to be chemically similar (hydrogen is an exception).
Halogen - CORRECT ANSWERS-A highly reactive group 7A element: F, Cl, Br, I.
Noble Gas - CORRECT ANSWERS-An extremely unreactive group 8A element. Sometimes
called "inert gases".
Ion - CORRECT ANSWERS-An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative net
charge.
Anion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Negative ion; mostly formed by nonmetal elements. Significantly
larger than their neutral atom counterparts b/c they gain electrons -> increase number of subshells.
Cation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Positive ion; formed by metallic elements. Significantly smaller
than their neutral atom counterparts b/c they lose electrons -> decrease number of subshells.
Think: the 't' in cation looks like a '+' sign.
Avogadro's Number - CORRECT ANSWERS-6.022x10^23
The number of molecules/atoms in one mole of a particular compound/element.
,Defined by 12-Carbon --> the number of C atoms in 12g of 12-C.
6.022x10^23 amu = 1 gram
Atomic weights from periodic table can be read in units of amu or g/mol.
Effective Nuclear Charge, Z(eff) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Deviation from the entire nuclear
charge (Z) that an electron feels from the nucleus due to "shielding" from other electrons, typically in
lower subshells. Electrons added to a new subshell experience much greater shielding than electrons
added to an existing subshell (different distance from nucleus).
PT: increases left -> right and top -> bottom
Energy of Ionization - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy required to remove an electron from an
atom.
From a neutral atom (first electron removed) -> first ionization energy.
The second electron from the same atom -> second ionization energy. Always much greater than the first
since the effective nuclear charge on the other electrons is now greater.
PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top.
Ex: which of the following rxns shows the energy change associated with the ionization of an X2
molecule?
A) X2 + energy --> (X+) + (X-)
B) (X2-) + energy --> X2 + electron
C) X2 + electron --> X2 + energy
D) X2 + energy --> (X2+) + electron
Answer: D (note: endothermic)
,Electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond
that it shares with another atom. Related to Z(eff) in similar way to ionization energy.
PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
F is most electronegative element. Undefined for noble gases.
Electron Affinity - CORRECT ANSWERS-The willingness of an atom to accept an additional
electron. Also think of as the energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom (exothermic -
will give the negative of the energy released). More energy released = more electron affinity.
PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
Values for the noble gases are endothermic.
Periodic Trends - CORRECT ANSWERS-Z(eff): increases left -> right and top -> bottom
-due to electrons, subshells, and charge of nucleus.
Atomic radius: increases right -> left and top -> bottom
-due to Z(eff) (horizontally) and subshells (vertically).
Metallic character: increases right -> left and top -> bottom
Energy of ionization: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
-due to Z(eff) since more energy needed as it increases L -> R but radius increases T -> B, decreasing E-
field and requiring less energy.
Electronegativity: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
-due to Z(eff) for similar reasons as energy of ionization.
, Electron affinity: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
-due to Z(eff) for similar reasons as above.
"3 Es" (does not include Z(eff)): L -> R and B -> T
SI Units - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mass: kilogram (kg)
Length: meter (m)
Time: second (s)
Electric current: Ampere (A)
Temperature: Kelvin (K)
Luminous intensity: Candela (cd)
Amount of substance: mole (mol)
Unit Prefixes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mega- (M) = 10^6
Kilo- (k) = 10^3
Deci- (d) = 10^-1
Centi- (c) = 10^-2
Milli- (m) = 10^-3
Micro- (μ) = 10^-6
Nano- (n) = 10^-9
Pico- (p) = 10^-12
Femto- (f) = 10^-15
Physical Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS-When a compound undergoes a reaction and
maintains it molecular structure and its identity.
Ex: melting, evaporation, dissolution, and rotation of plane-polarized light.
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS – NEWLY RELEASED!
Periodic Law - CORRECT ANSWERS-States that when the elements are arranged by increasing
atomic number, there is periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.
Group - CORRECT ANSWERS-A vertical column of elements in the periodic table; also called a
family. Elements in the same group tend to be chemically similar (hydrogen is an exception).
Halogen - CORRECT ANSWERS-A highly reactive group 7A element: F, Cl, Br, I.
Noble Gas - CORRECT ANSWERS-An extremely unreactive group 8A element. Sometimes
called "inert gases".
Ion - CORRECT ANSWERS-An atom or bonded group of atoms with a positive or negative net
charge.
Anion - CORRECT ANSWERS-Negative ion; mostly formed by nonmetal elements. Significantly
larger than their neutral atom counterparts b/c they gain electrons -> increase number of subshells.
Cation - CORRECT ANSWERS-Positive ion; formed by metallic elements. Significantly smaller
than their neutral atom counterparts b/c they lose electrons -> decrease number of subshells.
Think: the 't' in cation looks like a '+' sign.
Avogadro's Number - CORRECT ANSWERS-6.022x10^23
The number of molecules/atoms in one mole of a particular compound/element.
,Defined by 12-Carbon --> the number of C atoms in 12g of 12-C.
6.022x10^23 amu = 1 gram
Atomic weights from periodic table can be read in units of amu or g/mol.
Effective Nuclear Charge, Z(eff) - CORRECT ANSWERS-Deviation from the entire nuclear
charge (Z) that an electron feels from the nucleus due to "shielding" from other electrons, typically in
lower subshells. Electrons added to a new subshell experience much greater shielding than electrons
added to an existing subshell (different distance from nucleus).
PT: increases left -> right and top -> bottom
Energy of Ionization - CORRECT ANSWERS-Energy required to remove an electron from an
atom.
From a neutral atom (first electron removed) -> first ionization energy.
The second electron from the same atom -> second ionization energy. Always much greater than the first
since the effective nuclear charge on the other electrons is now greater.
PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top.
Ex: which of the following rxns shows the energy change associated with the ionization of an X2
molecule?
A) X2 + energy --> (X+) + (X-)
B) (X2-) + energy --> X2 + electron
C) X2 + electron --> X2 + energy
D) X2 + energy --> (X2+) + electron
Answer: D (note: endothermic)
,Electronegativity - CORRECT ANSWERS-Tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a bond
that it shares with another atom. Related to Z(eff) in similar way to ionization energy.
PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
F is most electronegative element. Undefined for noble gases.
Electron Affinity - CORRECT ANSWERS-The willingness of an atom to accept an additional
electron. Also think of as the energy released when an electron is added to a gaseous atom (exothermic -
will give the negative of the energy released). More energy released = more electron affinity.
PT: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
Values for the noble gases are endothermic.
Periodic Trends - CORRECT ANSWERS-Z(eff): increases left -> right and top -> bottom
-due to electrons, subshells, and charge of nucleus.
Atomic radius: increases right -> left and top -> bottom
-due to Z(eff) (horizontally) and subshells (vertically).
Metallic character: increases right -> left and top -> bottom
Energy of ionization: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
-due to Z(eff) since more energy needed as it increases L -> R but radius increases T -> B, decreasing E-
field and requiring less energy.
Electronegativity: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
-due to Z(eff) for similar reasons as energy of ionization.
, Electron affinity: increases left -> right and bottom -> top
-due to Z(eff) for similar reasons as above.
"3 Es" (does not include Z(eff)): L -> R and B -> T
SI Units - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mass: kilogram (kg)
Length: meter (m)
Time: second (s)
Electric current: Ampere (A)
Temperature: Kelvin (K)
Luminous intensity: Candela (cd)
Amount of substance: mole (mol)
Unit Prefixes - CORRECT ANSWERS-Mega- (M) = 10^6
Kilo- (k) = 10^3
Deci- (d) = 10^-1
Centi- (c) = 10^-2
Milli- (m) = 10^-3
Micro- (μ) = 10^-6
Nano- (n) = 10^-9
Pico- (p) = 10^-12
Femto- (f) = 10^-15
Physical Reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS-When a compound undergoes a reaction and
maintains it molecular structure and its identity.
Ex: melting, evaporation, dissolution, and rotation of plane-polarized light.
