NUR 2063 ESSENTIALS OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MODULE 04 EXAM 1
(ACTUAL 202526 EXAM) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS A+ GRADE
Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
sign - CORRECT ANSWERS-If the doctor, nurse, or anyone notice evidence of disease such as a
fever
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWERS-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
What is rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a chronic progressive disease causing
inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers,
wrists, feet, and ankles. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems,
including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.
An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your
own body's tissues.
The outcome of elevated eosinophils? - CORRECT ANSWERS-can indicate cancer, fungal or
parasitic infections, as well as other conditions. While mild, moderate, and severe eosinophil counts can
be associated with cancer, higher levels of eosinophils around the primary tumor often predicts better
outcomes in colorectal cancer.
the outcome of elevated neutrophils? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Neutrophilia happens when your
body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight
infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high
total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections.
Role of mast cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cells loaded with granules are located near blood
cells in loose connective tissue. Release histamine and serotonin, which cause vasodilation and vessel
leakiness as well as attracting neutrophils to the region. play a key role in the inflammatory process.
When activated, a mast cell can either selectively release (piecemeal degranulation) or rapidly release
(anaphylactic degranulation) "mediators", or compounds that induce inflammation, from storage
granules into the local microenvironment.
, Define neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Clonal proliferation of cells that is uncontrolled and
excessive. The formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth of tissue. The process of neoplasm
development that begins with mutations that cause the loss of control of cell division that leads to tumor
growth. Neoplasia differs from hyperplasia, which is when cells divide too quickly due to a stimulus.
What causes contact dermatitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-allergens or allergic reaction to a
substance, such as poison ivy, detergent. Contact dermatitis is caused by exposure to a substance that
irritates your skin or triggers an allergic reaction. The substance could be one of thousands of known
allergens and irritants. Often people have irritant and allergic reactions at the same time.
Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common type. This nonallergic skin reaction occurs when an
irritant damages your skin's outer protective layer.
Function of hormone renin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Renin is an enzyme that helps control your
blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium and potassium in your body. (When blood volume
or sodium levels in the body are low, or blood potassium is high, cells in the kidney release the enzyme,
renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen, which is produced in the liver, to the hormone angiotensin I.)
Hydrostatic pressure capillaries - CORRECT ANSWERS-The pressure that blood exerts in the
capillaries is known as blood pressure. The force of hydrostatic pressure means that as blood moves
along the capillary, fluid moves out through its pores and into the interstitial space.
Increased hydrostatic capillary action causes edema (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWERS-(True) Edema-
Is swelling or excessive fluid.
include high venous pressure (e.g., heart failure, venous blockage) or excessive fluid and sodium
retention (e.g, acute renal failure).
What body functions cause fluid volume deficits? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blood loss from
cuts/wounds Through the gastrointestinal system: vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally excessive urination
(polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic substances or medications or from renal
disorder.
Tetany - CORRECT ANSWERS-a symptom characterized by the involuntary contraction of
muscles that leads to painful muscle cramps, spasms of the voice box (i.e., larynx), and sensory
disturbances.
(ACTUAL 202526 EXAM) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS A+ GRADE
Symptoms - CORRECT ANSWERS-Subjective characteristics of disease felt only by the patient
sign - CORRECT ANSWERS-If the doctor, nurse, or anyone notice evidence of disease such as a
fever
Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWERS-A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal
state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
What is rheumatoid arthritis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-a chronic progressive disease causing
inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers,
wrists, feet, and ankles. In some people, the condition can damage a wide variety of body systems,
including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels.
An autoimmune disorder, rheumatoid arthritis occurs when your immune system mistakenly attacks your
own body's tissues.
The outcome of elevated eosinophils? - CORRECT ANSWERS-can indicate cancer, fungal or
parasitic infections, as well as other conditions. While mild, moderate, and severe eosinophil counts can
be associated with cancer, higher levels of eosinophils around the primary tumor often predicts better
outcomes in colorectal cancer.
the outcome of elevated neutrophils? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Neutrophilia happens when your
body produces too many neutrophils. Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell. They help you fight
infection. If there are too many neutrophils in your bloodstream, you may develop leukocytosis, or a high
total white blood cell count. You may have symptoms such as fevers or recurring infections.
Role of mast cells - CORRECT ANSWERS-Cells loaded with granules are located near blood
cells in loose connective tissue. Release histamine and serotonin, which cause vasodilation and vessel
leakiness as well as attracting neutrophils to the region. play a key role in the inflammatory process.
When activated, a mast cell can either selectively release (piecemeal degranulation) or rapidly release
(anaphylactic degranulation) "mediators", or compounds that induce inflammation, from storage
granules into the local microenvironment.
, Define neoplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-Clonal proliferation of cells that is uncontrolled and
excessive. The formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth of tissue. The process of neoplasm
development that begins with mutations that cause the loss of control of cell division that leads to tumor
growth. Neoplasia differs from hyperplasia, which is when cells divide too quickly due to a stimulus.
What causes contact dermatitis? - CORRECT ANSWERS-allergens or allergic reaction to a
substance, such as poison ivy, detergent. Contact dermatitis is caused by exposure to a substance that
irritates your skin or triggers an allergic reaction. The substance could be one of thousands of known
allergens and irritants. Often people have irritant and allergic reactions at the same time.
Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common type. This nonallergic skin reaction occurs when an
irritant damages your skin's outer protective layer.
Function of hormone renin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Renin is an enzyme that helps control your
blood pressure and maintain healthy levels of sodium and potassium in your body. (When blood volume
or sodium levels in the body are low, or blood potassium is high, cells in the kidney release the enzyme,
renin. Renin converts angiotensinogen, which is produced in the liver, to the hormone angiotensin I.)
Hydrostatic pressure capillaries - CORRECT ANSWERS-The pressure that blood exerts in the
capillaries is known as blood pressure. The force of hydrostatic pressure means that as blood moves
along the capillary, fluid moves out through its pores and into the interstitial space.
Increased hydrostatic capillary action causes edema (T/F) - CORRECT ANSWERS-(True) Edema-
Is swelling or excessive fluid.
include high venous pressure (e.g., heart failure, venous blockage) or excessive fluid and sodium
retention (e.g, acute renal failure).
What body functions cause fluid volume deficits? - CORRECT ANSWERS-Blood loss from
cuts/wounds Through the gastrointestinal system: vomiting and diarrhea Abnormally excessive urination
(polyuria); can be caused by excessive intake of diuretic substances or medications or from renal
disorder.
Tetany - CORRECT ANSWERS-a symptom characterized by the involuntary contraction of
muscles that leads to painful muscle cramps, spasms of the voice box (i.e., larynx), and sensory
disturbances.
