NUCLEAR MEDICINE BOARD EXAM 2 LATEST VERSIONS AND STUDY GUIDE
2025-2026 ACTUAL EXAM 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
C
Terms in this set (214)
Radioactive isotope used for 99m Technetium
majority of cases
- 99m Tc gamma emitter
Why 99m Technetium
- scintillating crystal within gamma camera = detects gamma rays
Half life of 99m Technetium 6 hours
- 99m Technetium is there 'daughter'
- moly decays into 99m Tech
99 Molybdenum
- half life = 3 days
- as moly decays = so does 99m tech = less radioactivity to work with
Generator is eluted (viles in the top, look at image) to supply
Generator
the 99m Tc liquid which is added to variety of
pharmaceuticals (depending on type of scans)
- injected into pt vein
How is Radiopharmaceutical
- inhaled
liquid introduced to patient
- ingested
- 99m Tc DMSA (scarring of kidney tissue following frequent UTIs)
Two types of kidney scans
- 99m TcMAG3 (kidney function, obstruction)
Why is an obstructed kidney Because it is obstructed so the radioactive isotope can't leave the kidney
brighter
Thyroid scan - Marker where? On sternal notch as thyroid gland shouldn't extend further than the
sternal notch
, - Eat scrambled eggs with 99m Technetium
- scan
What happens with gastric - how much is left in stomach at 120minutes
emptying - continue scanning until less than 10% is left (so we know
how long it actually took to empty)
- MUGA (multigated acquisition, looks at efficiency of heart pumping)
Heart scans - MPI (stress and rest, difference between permanent
blood loss or temporary blood loss to L bottom
chamber)
PET Scan Needs a pet camera, not a normal
Brown fat uptake Happens when the patient gets cold
Muscle uptake Happens when patient moves, uses muscles, etc
Nuclides have same A, higher (less stable) energy state - denoted by letter
Basic
m
Science
Isomers example = technetium
- nearer nucleus = greater energy
Basic
- amount of energy needed to eject electron from shell
Science
- K shell electrons = greater binding energy than M shell electrons
Binding
energy
- orbital electron = given enough energy to be ejected from atom
Basic
- leaves vacancy = filled from next shell out
Science
- = characteristic radiation
Ionisation
- Orbital electron enough energy to be ejected from shell, but
Basic not enough to leave atom
Science - Moves to outer orbit, then drops back
Excitation - gives extra energy = characteristic radiation (usually low energy
- electrostatic repulsive force between protons in nucleus
Basic
- Weaker nuclear attractive force between all nucleons
Science
- nucleus gets bigger = need more neutrons to stop nucleus from flying
Nuclear apart
Stability
- heavy atoms with too many nucleons for stability
Basic Science
- decay by emitting particles and gamma rays until a stable
Naturally occurring
radionuclides protons:neutron ratio is reached
Basic Science - stable nuclide and add protons or neutrons = upset stable Z:N ratio
Artificially produced - unstable nucleus = emit particles and E.M radiation to reach stability
radionuclides
, Basic Science No, it will just decay with time as can't be excreted out
Someone with poor kidney
function, will still decay at
same rate?
- electron capture
Basic Science
- positron emission
Nuclides with too few neutrons:
can decay by...
Are produced using a cyclotron
Basic Using oscillating magnetic field to accelerate positively charged
Science particles, which are fired at target material
Cyclotron
Basic Basis for PET scanning
Science
Positron
emission
Both ionising electromagnetic radiation
Basic Science
Xrays and gamma rays are both
_____________________ _. Only difference:
- xray originate from electron shells of atom
Only difference: - gamma rays originate from nucleus of atom
2025-2026 ACTUAL EXAM 200
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
C
Terms in this set (214)
Radioactive isotope used for 99m Technetium
majority of cases
- 99m Tc gamma emitter
Why 99m Technetium
- scintillating crystal within gamma camera = detects gamma rays
Half life of 99m Technetium 6 hours
- 99m Technetium is there 'daughter'
- moly decays into 99m Tech
99 Molybdenum
- half life = 3 days
- as moly decays = so does 99m tech = less radioactivity to work with
Generator is eluted (viles in the top, look at image) to supply
Generator
the 99m Tc liquid which is added to variety of
pharmaceuticals (depending on type of scans)
- injected into pt vein
How is Radiopharmaceutical
- inhaled
liquid introduced to patient
- ingested
- 99m Tc DMSA (scarring of kidney tissue following frequent UTIs)
Two types of kidney scans
- 99m TcMAG3 (kidney function, obstruction)
Why is an obstructed kidney Because it is obstructed so the radioactive isotope can't leave the kidney
brighter
Thyroid scan - Marker where? On sternal notch as thyroid gland shouldn't extend further than the
sternal notch
, - Eat scrambled eggs with 99m Technetium
- scan
What happens with gastric - how much is left in stomach at 120minutes
emptying - continue scanning until less than 10% is left (so we know
how long it actually took to empty)
- MUGA (multigated acquisition, looks at efficiency of heart pumping)
Heart scans - MPI (stress and rest, difference between permanent
blood loss or temporary blood loss to L bottom
chamber)
PET Scan Needs a pet camera, not a normal
Brown fat uptake Happens when the patient gets cold
Muscle uptake Happens when patient moves, uses muscles, etc
Nuclides have same A, higher (less stable) energy state - denoted by letter
Basic
m
Science
Isomers example = technetium
- nearer nucleus = greater energy
Basic
- amount of energy needed to eject electron from shell
Science
- K shell electrons = greater binding energy than M shell electrons
Binding
energy
- orbital electron = given enough energy to be ejected from atom
Basic
- leaves vacancy = filled from next shell out
Science
- = characteristic radiation
Ionisation
- Orbital electron enough energy to be ejected from shell, but
Basic not enough to leave atom
Science - Moves to outer orbit, then drops back
Excitation - gives extra energy = characteristic radiation (usually low energy
- electrostatic repulsive force between protons in nucleus
Basic
- Weaker nuclear attractive force between all nucleons
Science
- nucleus gets bigger = need more neutrons to stop nucleus from flying
Nuclear apart
Stability
- heavy atoms with too many nucleons for stability
Basic Science
- decay by emitting particles and gamma rays until a stable
Naturally occurring
radionuclides protons:neutron ratio is reached
Basic Science - stable nuclide and add protons or neutrons = upset stable Z:N ratio
Artificially produced - unstable nucleus = emit particles and E.M radiation to reach stability
radionuclides
, Basic Science No, it will just decay with time as can't be excreted out
Someone with poor kidney
function, will still decay at
same rate?
- electron capture
Basic Science
- positron emission
Nuclides with too few neutrons:
can decay by...
Are produced using a cyclotron
Basic Using oscillating magnetic field to accelerate positively charged
Science particles, which are fired at target material
Cyclotron
Basic Basis for PET scanning
Science
Positron
emission
Both ionising electromagnetic radiation
Basic Science
Xrays and gamma rays are both
_____________________ _. Only difference:
- xray originate from electron shells of atom
Only difference: - gamma rays originate from nucleus of atom
