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1. Ageusia Loss or absence of the sense of taste
2. Allogenic mar- Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is not genetically identical
row transplanta-
tion
3. Antineoplastic Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or other agents used to
agents prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
4. antioxidants molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen molecules (free
radicals) that can demage cells
5. autologous mar- transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue (from hematopietic stem cells)
row transplanta-
tion
6. cancer cachexia per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores, profound anorex-
ia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass,
anorexia, early satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alter-
ations, increased inflammatory markers and progressive functional impairment.
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by
variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
7. carcinogen an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
8. carcinogenesis the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that proceeds
on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion and
progression
9. cytokines protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous
stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
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10. dysgeusia altered taste
11. graft-ver- a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible, immunocompe-
sus-host disease tent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an immu-
(GVHD) niologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host)
tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may
need total bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with
low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
12. hypogeusia decreased taste acuity
13. initiation the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA
14. malignant neo- mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant areas
plasm of body
15. metastasis growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or organs
16. myelosuppres- suppression of bone marrow cell production
sion
17. neutropenia a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results in
increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
18. pancytopenia a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets)
19. phytochemicals nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process of tumorigen-
esis.
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that
have a beneficial effect the body.
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20. progression the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign
tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue
invasion & mets
21. Promotion The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting
agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
22. radiation-in- a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to
duced enteritis diarrhea & malabsorption
23. staging a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the
tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread;
T - size of tumor
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
M- presence of mets
24. Tumor necrosis a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and macrophages in response
factor especially to endotoxins and that mediates inflammation and induces the destruc-
tion of some tumor cells and the activation of white blood cells
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that
releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for
the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
25. veno-occlusive - transplant related complication
disease (VOD) - a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins &
XRT; may resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal
HTN & liver failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ
failure
26. Xerostomia mouth dryness
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27. cultural-Halal Muslim/Islamic law.
diet Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts), diet can be low
in heme iron
28. cultural-Kosher Jewish dietary laws/ Parve:
diet
separate utensils for food prep/eating
diet tends to be high in cholesterol, sat fat, sodium, consider DASH
Forbidden: pork, pork products, rabbit, shellfish, eel
ALL meats must be slaughtered according to Jewish Law, blood drained prior to
cooking/eating.
Dairy: milk can be consumed prior to a meal or 3-6 hours after meal
no leavened bread during passover
fasting during yom kippur
29. cultural-Macrobi- Avoid animal products including dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar, poultry, and processed
otic diet foods.
No "nightshade vegetables" including potato, peppers and eggplant
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed,
soups
30. cultural-Sev- Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
enth-Day Avoid overeating
Adventist: snacking discouraged
strong seasonings avoided
CSO Nutrition Support ? Verified Q&A 2025
CSO NutritionCSO
Support ? Updates
Exam 2025 Verified Q&A 2025
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1. Ageusia Loss or absence of the sense of taste
2. Allogenic mar- Transfer of marrow from donor to another person who is not genetically identical
row transplanta-
tion
3. Antineoplastic Chemical agents (cytotoxics, biotherapies, hormones) or other agents used to
agents prevent the development, maturation or spread of neoplastic cells
4. antioxidants molecules (ie. vitamins) that block action of activated oxygen molecules (free
radicals) that can demage cells
5. autologous mar- transfer of marrow from the pt's OWN tissue (from hematopietic stem cells)
row transplanta-
tion
6. cancer cachexia per sample test question:temporal wasting, depleted fat stores, profound anorex-
ia
Multifactorial syndrome characterized by ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass,
anorexia, early satiety, wt loss, anemia, edema, fatigue, possible metabolic alter-
ations, increased inflammatory markers and progressive functional impairment.
Pathophysiology characterized by negative protein energy balance driven by
variable combination of reduced food intake and abnormal metabolism
7. carcinogen an agent (physical, chemical, or viral) that induces CA
8. carcinogenesis the origin or development of CA, a multistage, biological process that proceeds
on a continuum but is often described in stages of initiation, promotion and
progression
9. cytokines protein mediators produced by inflammatory cells in response to exogenous
stimuli, produce metabolic changes & wasting
CSO Nutrition Support ? Verified Q&A 2025
, CSO Exam
CSO NutritionCSO
Support ? Updates
Exam 2025 Verified Q&A 2025
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10. dysgeusia altered taste
11. graft-ver- a disease caused by the immune response of histoincompatible, immunocompe-
sus-host disease tent donor cells against the tissues of an immunoincompetent host; an immu-
(GVHD) niologic reaction of allogeneic donor cells (graft) reacting against the pt (host)
tissues
evidenced by icterus & abnormal liver functions, severe /secretory diarrhea - may
need total bowel rest --> isomotic, low residue, lactose-free diet --> solids with
low lactose, fiber, fat & acideity, gastric irritants --> regular diet
- usually 3 onths after transplant (but may be 7-10 days post)
12. hypogeusia decreased taste acuity
13. initiation the initial stage of tumorigenesis, involving transformation of cellular DNA
14. malignant neo- mass of cancer cells that invades surrounding tissues or spreads to distant areas
plasm of body
15. metastasis growth of malignant tissue THAT SPREADS to surrounding tissue or organs
16. myelosuppres- suppression of bone marrow cell production
sion
17. neutropenia a reduction of WBC (neutrophils) that can be caused by chemo or XRT, results in
increased susceptibility to life-threatening infections
18. pancytopenia a reduction in all cellular elements of the blood (WBC, RBC, platlets)
19. phytochemicals nonutritive compounds in plants thought to influence the process of tumorigen-
esis.
Compounds in plants (apart from vitamins, minerals, and macronutrients) that
have a beneficial effect the body.
CSO Nutrition Support ? Verified Q&A 2025
, CSO Exam
CSO NutritionCSO
Support ? Updates
Exam 2025 Verified Q&A 2025
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20. progression the phase in which tumor cells aggregate, grow autonomously and form benign
tumors that eventually lead to malignant phenotype with the capacity for tissue
invasion & mets
21. Promotion The stage of tumorigenesis in which initiated cells are activated by a promoting
agent to multiply and form a discrete tumor
22. radiation-in- a condition of inflammation that can occur after XRT to the GI tract & that leads to
duced enteritis diarrhea & malabsorption
23. staging a classification system known as TNM that is used to identify the "extent" of the
tumor: its size, the degree of growth & spread;
T - size of tumor
N- degree of spread to lymph nodes
M- presence of mets
24. Tumor necrosis a protein that is produced chiefly by monocytes and macrophages in response
factor especially to endotoxins and that mediates inflammation and induces the destruc-
tion of some tumor cells and the activation of white blood cells
(cachectin, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-y); a hormone-like protein that
releases fat from fat stores, reduces the concentration of enzymes required for
the production and storage of fat & induces a stage of anorexia
25. veno-occlusive - transplant related complication
disease (VOD) - a symptomatic occlusion of the small hepatic venules caused by hepatotoxins &
XRT; may resolve after removal of the offending agent or may progress to portal
HTN & liver failure
- 1-3 wks post transplant
-hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, hepatic failure, encephalopathy & multi-organ
failure
26. Xerostomia mouth dryness
CSO Nutrition Support ? Verified Q&A 2025
, CSO Exam
CSO NutritionCSO
Support ? Updates
Exam 2025 Verified Q&A 2025
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27. cultural-Halal Muslim/Islamic law.
diet Fasting common
Women have decreased sun exposure 2/2 coverings
forbidden: pork, pork products, gelatin, ETOH (including extracts), diet can be low
in heme iron
28. cultural-Kosher Jewish dietary laws/ Parve:
diet
separate utensils for food prep/eating
diet tends to be high in cholesterol, sat fat, sodium, consider DASH
Forbidden: pork, pork products, rabbit, shellfish, eel
ALL meats must be slaughtered according to Jewish Law, blood drained prior to
cooking/eating.
Dairy: milk can be consumed prior to a meal or 3-6 hours after meal
no leavened bread during passover
fasting during yom kippur
29. cultural-Macrobi- Avoid animal products including dairy, eggs, coffee, sugar, poultry, and processed
otic diet foods.
No "nightshade vegetables" including potato, peppers and eggplant
Diet may be deficient in protein, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and calcium
50-60% from whole grains, 25-30% from veg, remaining from beans, seaweed,
soups
30. cultural-Sev- Lacto-ovo vegetarian diet
enth-Day Avoid overeating
Adventist: snacking discouraged
strong seasonings avoided
CSO Nutrition Support ? Verified Q&A 2025
