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NURS 621 Midterm Exam with verified detailed answers

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NURS 621 Midterm Exam with verified detailed answers

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NURS 621
Course
NURS 621

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NURS 621 Midterm Exam with verified detailed ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




answers


Dx: Acute otitis media - correct answer✔✔H&P:
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• Ear pain (typical)
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• Decreased hearing (typical)
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• Fever (sometimes)
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• Recent URI or exacerbation of seasonal allergic rhinitis (can be)
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• Unilateral (usual)
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• Bulging tympanic membrane (needed to distinguish from otitis media with effusion).
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Can also be erythematous or opacified. Tympanic membrane can rupture (feels relief of ear
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pain, may then have purulent otorrhea)
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• Dysequilibrium (not common)
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• Conductive hearing loss (usually transient)
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• High fever, severe pain behind ear, facial paralysis (unusual complications)
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DDx Otitis Media - correct answer✔✔• Otitis externa
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o More painful, normal-appearing ear drum
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• Eustachian tube dysfunction
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o Check if recurrent unilateral AOM (>2 over 6 months). Do fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy
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and/or contrast MRI of skull base to rule out malignant process
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• Herpes zoster infection
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o Development of dermatomal vesicular rash that evolves into crusted lesions. Pain may
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precede rash. Ramsay Hunt syndrome presents with triad of ipsilateral facial paralysis, ear ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




pain, and vesicles involving auditory canal and auricle. Can cause vertigo
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,Lab/diagnostics Otitis Media - correct answer✔✔• Common organism: strep pneumoniae, ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




H. influenza. Group A beta-hemolytic strep, staph aureus, M. catarrhalis less frequently
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• Otoscopic exam (standard)
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o Redness, opacification, bulging TM
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o Otitis media with effusion: TM cloudy, yellowish or opaque when fluid in middle ear
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• Pneumatoscopy (allows eval of tympanic membrane motion)
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• Weber (demonstrates conductive hearing loss)
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o Perceived louder in infected ear (common)
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o If sensorineural loss, sound may lateralize in noninfected ear (rare)
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Txt Plan Otitis Media - correct answer✔✔• Amoxicillin: 500 mg Q12 hours or 250 mg Q 8
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hours 10 days...if severe: 875 mg Q12 hours or 500 mg TID 5-7 days
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• Augmentin (if amoxicillin fails. Tx for another 10 days)
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• PCN allergy:
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o Cefdinir (3rd gen cephalosporin): 300 mg BID or 600 mg once daily
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o Cefpodoxime 200 mg BIC
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o Cefuroxime (2nd gen): 500 mg Q12 hours
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o Ceftriaxone (3rd gen): 2 g IM or IV once
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• Severe allergy to beta-lactam:
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o Macrolide: erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
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F/U Otitis Media - correct answer✔✔• Should start to improve within 48 to 72 hours - if
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no improvement should be re-examined
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Edu Otitis Media - correct answer✔✔• If TM ruptures, it will heal in most cases. Tx with
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oral and topical abx (ofloxacin) ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




• Most effusions will resolve over 12 weeks - use oral decongestants
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, Viral Conjunctivitis - correct answer✔✔o Viral:
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Injection, watery discharge during the day, scant, stringy that is mucus rather than pus.
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Burning, sandy, or gritty feelin gin one eye. Morning crusting with scant mucus ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




throughout the day. Second eye usually becomes involved within 24-48 hours ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Usually gets worse for the 1st 3-5 days, with gradual resolution over the following 1 or 2
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weeks for total course of 2-3 weeks. ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Chlamydial Conjunctivitis - correct answer✔✔o Chlamydial ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Unilateral, sometimes bilateral, follicular conjunctivitis. Weeks to months, does not
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respond to topical abx therapy. Can be associated keratitis ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Dx confirmed with Giemsa or direct fluorescent antibody staining or conjuctival smears,
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culture, or PCR of swabbed specimens ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Bacterial Conjunctivitis - correct answer✔✔o Bacterial: ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




||\\|//|| Organisms: Staph aureus, strep pneumoniae, H influenza, M catarrhalis ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Redness and discharge in 1 eye, but can be bilateral. "stuck shut" in morning. Purulent
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discharge, thick and globular, yellow, white, or green ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




Noninfectious Conjunctivitis - correct answer✔✔• Noninfectious ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




o Allergic: ||\\|//||




||\\|//|| Bilateral redness, watery discharge, and itching ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




o Nonallergic:
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Conjunctivitis Lab/diagnostics: - correct answer✔✔Lab/diagnostics: ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//|| ||\\|//||




• Not normally necessary. They now have rapid test for adenoviral conjunctivitis
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