NVCC BIO 101 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 100 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
Metabolism - (answer) the totality of an organism's chemical reactions
Metabolic pathway - (answer) Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of
defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
catabolic pathway - (answer) release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler
compounds
anabolic pathways - (answer) consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
- proteins are synthesized from simpler molecules called amino acids
Bioenergetics - (answer) the study of how energy flows through living organisms
Energy - (answer) the capacity to cause change
kinetic energy - (answer) energy of motion
thermal energy - (answer) kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or
molecules
heat - (answer) thermal energy in transfer from one object to another
potential energy - (answer) energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
chemical energy - (answer) potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Thermodynamics - (answer) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter.
first law of thermodynamics - (answer) Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be
created or destroyed
, NVCC BIO 101 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 100 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
- also called the principle of conservation of energy
second law of thermodynamics - (answer) Every energy transfer or transformation increases the
entropy of the universe.
Entropy - (answer) - a measure of molecular disorder, or randomness
- scientists use the term "disorder" to describe how dispersed energy is in a system and how many
energy levels are present
Chemical reactions - (answer) - Endergonic ("energy in")
- Exergonic ("energy out")
- Energy coupling
Endergonic - (answer) - A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed
- yields product rich in potential energy
- start with reactabr molecules that contain relatively little potential energy but end with products that
contain more chemical energy
Exergonic - (answer) Chemical reactions that release energy
- these reactions release the energy in covalent bonds of the reactants
- burning wood releases the energy in glucose as heat and light
energy coupling - (answer) The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - (answer) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
- composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrous base), and a chain of three phosphate groups
- ATP hydrolysis releases energy and produces ATP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate
- the energy released comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the
phosphate bonds themselves
Metabolism - (answer) the totality of an organism's chemical reactions
Metabolic pathway - (answer) Begins with a specific molecule, which is then altered in a series of
defined steps, resulting in a certain product.
catabolic pathway - (answer) release energy by breaking down complex molecules into simpler
compounds
anabolic pathways - (answer) consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones
- proteins are synthesized from simpler molecules called amino acids
Bioenergetics - (answer) the study of how energy flows through living organisms
Energy - (answer) the capacity to cause change
kinetic energy - (answer) energy of motion
thermal energy - (answer) kinetic energy associated with the random movement of atoms or
molecules
heat - (answer) thermal energy in transfer from one object to another
potential energy - (answer) energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure
chemical energy - (answer) potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Thermodynamics - (answer) The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter.
first law of thermodynamics - (answer) Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be
created or destroyed
, NVCC BIO 101 EXAM 2 ACTUAL EXAM 100 REAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
- also called the principle of conservation of energy
second law of thermodynamics - (answer) Every energy transfer or transformation increases the
entropy of the universe.
Entropy - (answer) - a measure of molecular disorder, or randomness
- scientists use the term "disorder" to describe how dispersed energy is in a system and how many
energy levels are present
Chemical reactions - (answer) - Endergonic ("energy in")
- Exergonic ("energy out")
- Energy coupling
Endergonic - (answer) - A chemical reaction that requires the input of energy in order to proceed
- yields product rich in potential energy
- start with reactabr molecules that contain relatively little potential energy but end with products that
contain more chemical energy
Exergonic - (answer) Chemical reactions that release energy
- these reactions release the energy in covalent bonds of the reactants
- burning wood releases the energy in glucose as heat and light
energy coupling - (answer) The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) - (answer) main energy source that cells use for most of their work
- composed of ribose (a sugar), adenine (a nitrous base), and a chain of three phosphate groups
- ATP hydrolysis releases energy and produces ATP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate
- the energy released comes from the chemical change to a state of lower free energy, not from the
phosphate bonds themselves
