EXSC 410 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2025

EXSC 410 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS ANSWERED CORRECTLY LATEST UPDATE 2025 OLDER ADULTS - Answers - reasons why pa may decrease with age - Answers pain functional decline depression and loneliness environment pain - Answers appr. 1 in 4 adults have severe joint pain two most common causes of joint pain are arthritis and oseoarthritis functional capacity - Answers capability to perform tasks and activities necessary or desirable in life frailty - Answers increased vulnerability resulting from aging-associated decline mortality risk from a hip fracture increases by how much? - Answers 14-58% depression and loneliness - Answers a common problem but not a normal part of aging several possible triggering events as we age association between depression and reduced PA depression is only one chronic disease - several more benefits of PA in older adults - Answers • Prevention of chronic diseases • Improves cardiovascular health • Improves body composition • Improves metabolism • Improves bone health • Improves well-being • Decreases stress • Improves cognition • Increases strength • Reduces risk of falls • Extends years of active independent life • Reduces disability • Improves quality of life does exercise improve immunity in older adults? - Answers Purpose: Determine whether exercise training improved antibody responses to flu vaccine in 144 older adults • Interventions: Moderate CV exercise vs. flexibility and balance training • Primary outcome: Flu vaccine response as measured by anti-influenza antibody titer • Results: CV exercise resulted in significant increase in seroprotection 24 weeks after vaccination and CV fitness; flexibility didn't see changes in either • Exercise group exhibited reduced overall illness severity 3 sections of PA counseling in older adults - Answers 1. key components of PA programs for older adults 2. strategies for addressing behavior changes 3. injury and risk management part 1: key components: - Answers Endurance activities provide the greatest protection against the deleterious effects of chronic disease • Activities can include: • Biking, swimming, WALKING, etc. • Lifestyle activities • Start low but progress to moderate • Use Borg scale (RPEs), Talk test part 1: key components cont. - Answers Strength training is safe for older adults! • In general, 2-3 sets of 10-12 reps is optimal • As strength increases, so should amount of resistance! part 1 key components cont: - Answers Flexibility exercises facilitate greater range of motion around a joint • Should be performed 2+ days /week • Can be done in a session alone or as part of a warm up/cool down • Static and dynamic part 1 key components cont: - Answers • Increases in muscle strength can improve balance, but specific balance activities can have additional benefits! • Static & dynamic part 2 behavioral factors: - Answers Simply KNOWING physical activity is important is not enough to get most sedentary individuals to become active social support (behavioral factors) - Answers family, friends, health educator self efficacy (behavioral factors) - Answers aging is often associated with loss of perceived control need to increase confidence in ability to be physically active active choices (behavioral factors) - Answers tailor program to participant needs and interests providing choices enhances self-efficacy and contributes to greater adherence health contracts (behavioral factors) - Answers written agreement between participant and health professional to accomplish a health goal perceived safety (behavioral factors) - Answers common barrier to PA for older adults educate participants about actual risks and teach self-monitoring of intensity levels regular performance feedback (behavioral factors) - Answers should be positive and meaningful to participant associated with exercise adherence positive reinforcement (behavioral factors) - Answers increases likelihood of PA maintenance examples: recruitment incentives, rewards for reaching goals, public recognition Part 3 risk management: - Answers risks of regular PA risks of a sedentary lifestyle part 3 risk management cont: - Answers moderate intensity = goal start slow, increase gradually avoid vigorous PA, unless accustomed to it include warm up and cool down do variety of activities to avoid overuse injuries staff trained in CPR and first aid part 3 risk management: - Answers adults with chronic conditions and disabilities need to talk to their health care provider PA is therapeutic for many conditions and may be equivalent of increasing medication dosage summary - Answers The Key Guidelines for Adults also apply to older adults. In addition, the following Guidelines are just for older adults: ▪ If unable to 150 mins/wk of MVPA, they should be as physically active as their abilities and conditions allow. ▪ If at risk of falling, also do balance exercises ▪ Older adults should determine their level of effort for physical activity relative to their level of fitness. ▪ Older adults with chronic conditions should understand whether and how their conditions affect their ability to do regular physical activity safely. lifestyle intervention - Answers • Focused on endurance, strength, flexibility and